Censorship :: essays research papers

What Happened To Our Rights?Censorship in America today has gotten way out of hand. There always seems to be some holier than thou group speaking out as if they were representing the majority of Americans. These groups want to censor just about anything and everything we do. When it comes to watching television, reading a admit or magazine, listening to music, or buying products, passel should be able to make these decisions for themselves. Where do we draw the line with censorship? After all we be Americans and we do have chastens. Although censorship is needed with issues concerning children, majority of censorship is an infringement of our rights because what one person may find offensive and abhorrent does not unavoidably represent all people and adults should have the right to make their take in choices.The word censorship probably would not exist today if all people agreed upon all things. This however is not possible for we are all unique individuals and have our own l ikes and dislikes. For instance, a person who enjoys pornographic clobber has the right to read or view this material if he or she enjoys this type of material. On the other hand people who feel pornographic material is obscene or offensive and do not care to partake in it do not have to view or read this type of material. This material is not being forced upon anyone. Why take away something a person enjoys if it is not hurting anyone else? What people do in the privacy of their own home is their own business. Whos to say what a person likes or enjoys is wrong because another person does not agree. Playboy and Penthouse magazines are read and enjoyed by many Americans today however, many people find these magazines offensive and obscene and others find these magazines to be an excellent source of reading for sexual entertainment. Years ago people tried to ban this type of magazine, now these magazines are in great demand and are available on shelves all around the world. The uns ound question is who is right and who is wrong? Neither, because people have their own opinions, likes, and dislikes. After all this is America and we the people have rights as stated in the start-off amendment of the constitution.Adults should have the freedom to make their own choices in their everyday life. Whether the persons choices are good or bad is irrelevant.

Narcolepsy :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Wake Up A Quick Look at Narcolepsy It is estimated that man spend one-third of their lives a intermission (1). With catch some Zs appearing to be not save the ultimate pastime, but also a survival imperative, the field of sleep research is quite broad, boasting many different areas of study. By examining phenomena like sleep disorders neurobiologists can hope to understand the mechanisms of normative sleep, in addition to perfecting discussion for suffers. Narcolepsy is one such disorder that affects an estimated 250, 000 or 1 in 2000 Americans similar numbers are estimated for Parkinsons or multiple sclerosis (2). A widespread, though often misdiagnosed disease (fewer than 50, 000 are aware of their condition), narcolepsy can be characterized by chronic daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypanogic hallucinations (3 ). The latter three of the tetrad of symptoms also happen in non-narcoleptic individuals sleep episodes are the main determinant in diagnosis. Only 20 to 25 percent of narcoleptics suffer from all four symptoms (2). This paper has several(prenominal) goals, all of which involve clarifying the disease and its symptoms in different contexts. In order to do this sleep will first be explained in or so detail, followed by a biological and psychological treatment of narcolepsy. Research of narcolepsy and its implications for the future shows steps to be taken in order to garner a give away understanding this particular brain/behavior relationship. To start at a beginning of sorts, REM sleep and its importance should be discussed. Sleep is in incident not the passive activity it was once assumed to be. It appears that during sleep many things are going on in the brain, which are documented by electroencephalograms (EEGs) quantity neocortical neuronal activity. Sleep occurs in a cycle of distinct stages, with apparent contrasts from early sleep, deep sleep, and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep (4). During REM sleep neurons in the neo cortex behave similarly to how they would when a person is awake, displaying desynchronized EEG. The first REM stage occurs 70 to 90 minutes into sleep and approximately 20% of a nights sleep is spent in this type of sleep (4). Since this stage of sleeping is associated with dreaming, it is logical that in REM sleep muscles become temporarily paralyzed, a state called muscle atonia. REM sleep is important for overall health and regulation of the nervous system. In other sleep stages, or non-REM stages, EEGs are synchronized, only partial muscle relaxation is present, and dreaming is less frequent (2).

Immigration :: essays research papers

Like many other beas over the past years, the US has seen a rapid increase in immigrants who withstand germ to the region rendering better lives for their families. These immigrants, like those throughout U.S. history, atomic number 18 generally hard workers and experience important contributions to the economy through their productive labor and purchasing power. Most immigrants usually fill essential service jobs in the economy, which argon vacant. Unfortunately, like new-made immigrants throughout U.S. history, they experience conditions that atomic number 18 commonly deprived, oppressive, and exploitive (Conover, 2000). They are paid low return with little potential for advancement, are subjected to hazardous operative conditions, and are threatened with losing their jobs and even deportation if they voice dissatisfaction with the way they are treated. Many work several jobs to make ends meet. Many also live in deficient housing with abusive landlords, have few health cares options, and are victims of fraud and other crimes. Immigrant problems are related to trade agreements designed to enable large corporations to seizure both consumer markets and cheap labor. These agreements protect rich investors, but not the workers or the environment. In the U.S., millions of production and assembly jobs are lost when corporations move operations overseas. inadequate countries have had to sell state industries and open national borders to multinational corporations in order to meet a new frugal order and payment of international debts. This process has restricted markets for home industries, driven out local anesthetic producers, and forced people to immigrate. The U.S. borders can never be sealed, because millions of people are seeking slipway to support their families, so will come to where jobs are available. Furthermore, American businesses want and need these workers. While the multinational corporations and their rich investors benefit from corp orate welfare deals and seek out havens to avoid supporting society with their taxes, ordinary Americans have to pick up their tab. This situation sounds familiar in American labor history, where immigrants have been a mainstay in the national workforce. It wasnt until the labor movement gained cogency that workers in the U.S. were able to turn exploitive jobs into occupations that enabled them to support their families and improve their living conditions (Dougherty, 2004). Higher wages have also increased their purchasing power, stimulated economic growth, and higher standards of living. Labor contracts and new laws, regulations, and policies established a more open employment system, procedures for addressing complaints, and safer working environments.Immigration essays research papersLike many other areas over the past years, the US has seen a rapid increase in immigrants who have come to the region seeking better lives for their families. These immigrants, like those through out U.S. history, are generally hard workers and make important contributions to the economy through their productive labor and purchasing power. Most immigrants usually fill essential service jobs in the economy, which are vacant. Unfortunately, like new immigrants throughout U.S. history, they experience conditions that are commonly deprived, oppressive, and exploitive (Conover, 2000). They are paid low wages with little potential for advancement, are subjected to hazardous working conditions, and are threatened with losing their jobs and even deportation if they voice dissatisfaction with the way they are treated. Many work several jobs to make ends meet. Many also live in substandard housing with abusive landlords, have few health cares options, and are victims of fraud and other crimes. Immigrant problems are related to trade agreements designed to enable large corporations to capture both consumer markets and cheap labor. These agreements protect rich investors, but not the wo rkers or the environment. In the U.S., millions of production and assembly jobs are lost when corporations move operations overseas. Poor countries have had to sell state industries and open national borders to multinational corporations in order to meet a new economic order and payment of international debts. This process has restricted markets for home industries, driven out local producers, and forced people to immigrate. The U.S. borders can never be sealed, because millions of people are seeking ways to support their families, so will come to where jobs are available. Furthermore, American businesses want and need these workers. While the multinational corporations and their rich investors benefit from corporate welfare deals and seek out havens to avoid supporting society with their taxes, ordinary Americans have to pick up their tab. This situation sounds familiar in American labor history, where immigrants have been a mainstay in the national workforce. It wasnt until the la bor movement gained strength that workers in the U.S. were able to turn exploitive jobs into occupations that enabled them to support their families and improve their living conditions (Dougherty, 2004). Higher wages have also increased their purchasing power, stimulated economic growth, and higher standards of living. Labor contracts and new laws, regulations, and policies established a more open employment system, procedures for addressing complaints, and safer working environments.

Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl and The Signalman by Charles Dickens :: Comparing

In my essay I will be comparing the two short stories Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald cajan pea and The Signalman by Charles Dickens.Comparing Short StoriesIn my essay I will be comparing the two short stories Lambto the Slaughter by Roald Dahl and The Signalman by CharlesDickens. They some(prenominal) contain a twist in the tale and use the MacabreTale Genre.The scenes are very divers(prenominal) from on another and show different usesof language as Lamb to the slaughter uses 1900 text and The Signalmanuses 20th Century text.The opening of Lamb to the slaughter gives the reader no reason tobelieve anything magnanimous is going to happen. It starts off normal and useswords such as warm, clean and tranquil to paint the picture of the stick out being calm and a enough place. Though at the beginning of TheSignalman it gives words such as gloomy and angry sunset to portray itis quite a scary maybe a dark and cold place. The Signalman is set in a Signal-box by a gloomy railway cutting with its dark tunnelLamb to the slaughter, being set in a house is completely differentand delivers more of a calm and peaceful atmosphere. They dont seemto have many similarities.The theme to The Signalman is that of a man describing his pay offof meeting a Signalman being haunted by a ghost. This ghost seemed tobe warning him of hid death. It involves the two main characters, thenarrator and the signalman. The Signalman described by the narrator,His strength was one of such expectation and watchfulnessThe narrator is not described throughout the story. The theme to Lambto the slaughter is that of a husband and his married woman. It is set in theirhouse and their wife murders her husband with a leg of lamb. It is astory that tells us of how she tries to cover up the murder and triesto get the blame away from her and destroys all the evidence. The wifeis described as,Her skin had acquired a wonderful translucent quality, the mouth wassoft, and the eyes with their new placid look, seemed larger, darkerthan before.The husband is described as havingA warm male lambency that came out of himAnd theFar look in his eyes when they rested on her, the funny slope of themouth.These are things that the writer has written that the wife thinksabout Patrick, her husband. I deal the character of the wife because Ilike the way she covers up her murdering her husband.

Antidepressants :: Drugs Depression Essays

AntidepressantsAntidepressants should be taken off the market. Depression is simply a condition of the mind. Events that take place in ones life can bring upon a depressive episode. With the variety of populate in the world, there comes a variety of ways in which people cope with things. Some people can cope with depression, when in turn, people that are emotionally unstable, cannot. With all of the antidepressants on the market today, people are becoming dependent on these drugs that some ?mess with their heads? rather than ?clear their minds?. In the past, people dealt with depression without these ?happy pills? and did just fine coping and recuperating. Everyone gets depressed at some point in his or her lives it?s part of our human nature. These so-called ?wonder drugs? may help in some aspects of the depressed person, but overall Prozac and its chemical cousins are nothing but problem pills. Antidepressants should be taken off of the market. Doctors overly prescribe antidepr essants to patients that don?t even need these drugs. That is one of the briny problems with antidepressants. A person could walk into a doctor?s office, announce that he or she has been feeling down, and could walk out with a prescription for Zoloft. exclusively doctors should more(prenominal) strictly enforce the distribution of antidepressants. The diagnosis of depression is the quick way to solve medical problems for doctors to their patients. Now days, regular family doctors can prescribe antidepressants when in the past, psychiatrists were the only types of doctors to prescribe such drugs. Some antidepressants like Prozac for instance, can cause certain side effects to where many users are unable to stick by on them long enough to derive any real benefit. In fact, Prozac?s manufacturer admits that 35% of all patients receiving Prozac in pre-release trials halt taking it due to adverse reactions. A vast personality change is another effect. Some users reported that after be ing on Zoloft for 2 months (which is the time it takes for their bodies to become chemically dependent) one day without their pill would make them more on edge, more reluctant to ?snap? at people and more sensitive to others remarks. The depressed patients also reported feeling dependent on the drug and without it, they felt they would not be able to function how the normally would. once a person starts taking any type of antidepressant, that person cannot just stop taking the pills cold turkey.

Joan of Arc Essay -- Biography History Biographies Essays

Joan of arcThe effect of Joan of Arc can be best understood and explained by looking at some of the events surrounding her birth and childhood. She was born in the later half of the Hundred Years War. The war was between France and Eng repose, which began over the land and control of Aquitaine, located in the southern part of France. Both countries had made legitimate claims of the land, but the dispute was unresolved and war was declared. The war was mainly fought in France and by 1429, England had gained a great portion of France. Joan also entered the world at a time that there was a lot of turmoil not unless in her country but also within the church. At this time the Christian theology was not catering enough to the nobility or to the needs of the townspeople. Many were upset and wanted to instill a different type of church. The people became upset with the clergy because they were unaware of or involved in their society. So in order to expel the church leaders and th ose that stood in their way, rumors of heresy and accusations were thrown. The church began to spiral into much upheaval. Commoners were accusing priests and clergy of heresy and thus weakening the church and their message. So when Joan was born into a town that was associated with a large group of witches and heretics, rumors began to spread about her also.Joan of Arc can be seen through the eyes of two very(prenominal) different of thinking. One would be that she was a witch and possessed, and the other would be that she was a true saint. Joan of Arc was born at Domremy in Champagne approximately likely on January 6, 1412. Jacques dArc was Joans father and he was a poor peasant farmer. Joan was the youngest of a family of five, and was rather uneducated. She, however, was skilled in fasten and spinning. Joans family was also very religious and when she was about thirteen and a half she became aware of her manifestations, which came to her in forms of voices. She reco gnized these voices later as St. Michael, St. Catherine. St. Margaret, and others. However, Joan was ever so reluctant to speak of her voices to anyone. She gradually learned that she was chosen by God to unite France and to give aid to Dauphin Charles, who she believed was to be King of France. She waited until she was about sixteen to operation upon her voices because she had been too scared and meek at age fourteen... ...nized and declared a saint. Today she is recognized as the second patron saint of France (McKay 390).It is interesting to me that a girl of just sixteen could have such an enormous impact. Her patriotism to her country and her unbelievable deep faith is something to be admired. I feel Joan of Arc was a true Saint sent by God to save France from England. God used a child to do his testament because of her pure heart. Her victories provide out more to me because of her age and she was a woman. These two elements combined would have made it impossible f or France to listen to her, but by Gods will she was able to accomplish much for her country.Works CitedCunneen, Sally. Joan of Arc. The Christian Century 24 May 2000 611.Knight, Kevin. St. Joan of Arc. New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia 8th ed. 1999.McCarthy, Todd. Rev. of The Messenger The composition of Joan of Arc. Variety 1 Nov. 1999 87.McKay, John P. A History of Western Society. New York Houghton Mifflin Co., 1999.Monet, Jacques. Joan of Arc Her Life. Theological Studies Sept. 2000 561.The Divine Joan of Arc. 2000 Visual Presence. Nov. 6, 2000 http//www.godecookery.com/jeanne/jeannet.htm.

Compare and Contrast “A Raisin in the Sun.”

Compare/Contrast Paper on Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry. The play A Raisin in the Sun, was a radically new representation of colored life, resolutely authentic, fiercely unsentimental, and unflinching in its vision of what happens to people whose ambitiousnesss are constantly deferred. I compared Act One, Scene 2, in the play and the film. The setting in the play is on a Saturday morning, and house cleaning is in process at the Youngers. In the film, the setting is the same as play, with lighting and costumes.The plot in the play is when Mrs. Younger gets the insurance check of $10,000. In the film, the plot is the same, but includes music not mentioned in the play. The dialogue in the film has some deletions from the headmaster text, with new dialogue added throughout the scene. Some film techniques used are the film cuts back and forth to different characters, the room is well lit with the sunlight coming in through the window, and music is added throughout some part s of this scene.Perhaps the biggest difference between the play and the film in this scene involves dialogue. ofttimes of the dialogue is deleted however, new dialogue is added through some parts of this scene. Also, in the play, the mailman comes up to their apartment and rings the doorbell unlike the film, Travis runs up to him removed the building and gets the mail from him right away and runs back to give it to Mrs. Younger (his grandma). Racism was rampant during the 1950s and this often hindered African American aspirations.What is the American dream? In the play, A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, Walter is depicted as being a very ambitious and determined man. He often had dreams of making a better life for his family and himself. One way of making a reaching his dream was to open a liquor store. I got a dream. I got to take hold of this here world Im going to open a liquor store. (p. 701). This is all Walter dreams about. A way for him to achieve this dream is to utilize the $10,000 insurance money from his fathers death.Walters dream conflicts with his mothers, Lenas (mamas), dream. Lena, known as mama, is a strong, caring, and very religious woman. She whole works very hard to try and help her family have the best. She dreams of owning a house for the family You should know the dream I have of owning a house and fixing it up and making me a little garden (p. 707). This brings about conflict with the other family members, particularly Walter who is already set on opening his own liquor store.

Strategic Plan for the System – Essay

The outlines Mission and Vision Every educational institution should have a mission, which is its specific purpose for existing. The mission of the institution must(prenominal) be stated in the schools catalog and in other publications readily available to the public. The mission must be completely, clearly, and simply stated In toll readily understandable by a prospective learner, pargonnts, the public, and other educational Institutions. The mission should be devoted substanti tout ensembley to career-related education and should be reasonable for the computer programme of instruction and facilities of the institution. from each one institution should be capable of demonstrating its educational enduringness by intelligent opinion and documentation of student outcomes. This assessment must include evidence that the institutions one-year computer memory and placement rates are in keeping with its mission. The Institutions mission statement should be consistent with educati onal and employment outcomes of Its students (Argosy. 201 2 Guthrie & Ackermann. 2009). The corporeal ply of the System originally developed the mission for all of the institutions within the System.Over the years the mission has been changed and updated to reflect the operations and culture of the schools. All employees and students have opportunities to express ideas and suggestions for the mission, so it comes a reflection of the way the employees and students, think and feel about the operations of the school. The villas of the System Is quite simple In that It Is we care about the students, we care about the employees, and we care about the employers who hire the scholarly persons.Through this the mission is stated as The System leave demonstrate the we care vision by preparing career-focused, community-minded graduates for the global workforce through with(predicate) applied education. Strategic Planning Through this strategicalal envisionning process, the System stri ves to show that it cares about student success, employment success, investment success, customer revive, dis fertilize, compliance, and community engagement. Student success shows that the System is committed to attracting students and delivering relevant, quality educational experiences that engage students and lead them to graduation and career success.Employment success shows that the System is dedicated to creating and maintaining a dynamic surround where performance Is recognized From a business perspective, the System cares and is concerned with investment success and providing a quality education that leads to a strong return on investment while exceeding the expectations of students, employers, employees, ND the surrounding community. This can only be done through engaging in and the management of effective communication and a culture of compliance.Once those items are in place, educational communities can be developed, so that all stakeholders feel as if they have a say a nd vested pursual in the System as a whole. Key Decision Makers There are some(prenominal) key decision makers in the system. The founder of the System is the fillet of sole member of the Board of Directors that governs each campus. The founder also oversees a management group that manages the day-to-day operations of each campus as well as in incorporatedd support operations.The management team consists of the following positions Campus Directors, six Regional Directors, and corporate directors as follows Director of Marketing Director of Research and Development Director of gentlemans gentleman Resources Director of Government and Community Relations Director of Information Technology Director of Operations Real Estate Development Manager Chief financial Officer Chief Operating Officer, Provost and Vice President of Ne bothrk Operations. Without the approval of all of the key decision makers, the accreditation process may be hindered and cannot move forward.Available Resource s As the System moves towards accreditation, it must keep in mind the basic available resources and how those play a role within the system. Those available resources include faculty, financial resources, personnel, library discipline run, information engineering, and space allocation and physical location maintenance. Before accreditation can be sought, these items must be examined to determine if they are adequate complete to support and sustain campus accreditation.The faculty within the System is the most important component of operation. It is through casualty in which the System meets the objectives of the mission statement. It is also through faculty, that students are successful. The quality of curricula and delivery is primarily the main focus of faculty. Aside from classroom responsibilities, they are involved in curricular planning and development, book selection, computer hardware and software selection, and student advising. It is also tumescently through the facul ty that the expectations of students are met.The financial resources of The System are allocated adequately to maintain a high model of maintenance and support revise, and to allow the school to competitively seek and acquire qualified faculty and staff. Through this, educational needs of students are met while providing sensitive customer service. Customer service is one of the reasons students choose to attend college in the System. The System strives to hire high-caliber faculty and support them with experienced management and administrative personnel.The System also seeks to support faculty and staff by having adequate resources for them to do their Jobs, compensating them adequately for their service, and providing them with professional development opportunities in their fields. The goal of library information services is to provide students with the resources, support, and learning surround necessary to successfully complete the courses in knowledge and skills required for their careers. In addition to this, library support services maintains a website so that students are able to access library resources remotely in order allow information to enhance their educational experience.The corporate information engineering group plays an integral role in ensuring all computer equipment, hardware and software, as well as on-line connectivity, meets todays demanding technical needs. There is a corporate director of technology who ultimately oversees the purchase of technical equipment and assists the campus with its technical needs. There are also individuals who are hired to work at the information technology helpless which further aids in the support of student and faculty in regards to troubleshooting and general system maintenance.In regards to allocation of space and facilities maintenance, the institutions present locations are large enough to handle both the current student population, as well as allowing for growth. The System employs a contracted fac ilities person during the day to keep lacrosse and facilities bang-up and in good condition, as well as an evening facilities employee who prepares the building for daily use. All of the resources above contribute to a comfortable and positive environment where students actively participate in their educational process. All of the above helps the System to fulfill the mission and responsibility to students.Data Availability Data is currently collected from several sources including the campus accountability report, student surveys, graduate surveys, employer surveys, and program advisory committee group meeting minutes, annual assessment done by program rear for program effectiveness, course evaluations, and national examinations specific to career areas as applicable. The data is collected and analyzed on a quarterly and/or annual basis, subject to the various assessment tools. The Campus Effectiveness Plan (CAPE) spreadsheet identifies at a glance the data collection schedule.An nually the management team (campus and corporate directors) meets and incorporates the data results and analysis in the overall strategic planning process. The System President reviews the information with the management team during regularly scheduled quarterly planning meetings and in an annual strategic landing session. Together, all involved use the data to recommend changes in the programs, their respective facilities, personnel, and the overall operations of the school to provide the best possible education for students and to ensure attainment of the main objective of placing students in their chosen career fields.The System plans to improve effectiveness by assessing and analyzing the identified data (student surveys, program advisory committee meetings, retention rates, placement rates, employer surveys, graduate surveys, extrinsic site evaluations, student suggestions, and administrative meetings within and among campuses) and determine strengths and continue to build upo n them, as well identify areas that need progress and refinement.This data is evaluated on several levels by the following departments administration, education, and financial aid/student accounts, as well as each programmatic area, student services, and career services. Each department identifies developmental areas and outcomes, and responses to the outcomes exit be integrated and/or administered either departmentally and/or campus wide. Communication is also very critical component of self-assessment and student and employer suggestions and respond accordingly.The campus director discusses the results of the outcomes quarterly with the campus management team, and business review information is discussed monthly. The campus responds to all outcomes that show positive or negative trends. Each program temper reviews the outcome measurements that correspond to specific program plans. The results of these assessments are discussed at program meetings quarterly and program advisory c ommittee meetings, typically annually.The faculty teaching in the program and the advisory committee members contribute ideas for curricular or programmatic enhancements and changes that relate to aerogram improvement. The campus directors regularly evaluate the plan and share the plan with their campus management team, and with the corporate management team, which includes directors from other campuses and corporate positions. Below is a more specific timeline for the current year in regards to the accreditation process. Key Stakeholders As previously mentioned, the key stakeholders are the students, the faculty, the campus personnel, and the community at large.In respect to accreditation process, data collection takes these key stakeholders in mind, from the surveys administered o how the surveys are administered. Anyone who is considered a key stakeholder is encouraged to participate with respect to how their comments and association influences decisions made within the System, and ultimately whether or not the accrediting body will grant accreditation or not. Due to this, it is important that the key decision makers provide a positive and inviting environment from the beginning so that key stakeholders are willing to participate and give feedback accordingly.Timeline The timeline for obtaining accreditation will be as follows Spring 2012 Semester will spacious the compilation of data from various data sources as previously mentioned to complete the self study process as defined by the accrediting body. During this time, all stakeholders will meet to review and discuss key components of the self-study in an effort to have it completed in a timely manner. Once this has been done, the self-study will be submitted to legal counsel, the Board of Directors, the President, and the Provost for further review.Summer 2012 Semester, the self- study will be submitted to the accrediting body for the finish process. The crediting body will have the completed applicat ion and self-study for review approximately two months in which the System will continue to compile data and also make any necessary corrections as indicated. The time frame for providing information is indicated by the accrediting body and should be no longer than three months from when the required information and necessary corrections have been noted and requested in writing.This will then take the process into the Fall 2012 Semester where at that time the final application will be reviewed by all stakeholders and submitted. From the time of the final application submission to the actual approval or denial of accreditation shall be no more than six months time which will then take the strategic plan time frame into the Winter 2013 Semester. To conclude, from initial data collection and self-study process, the process shall take no less than a year and makers will need to re-evaluate the effectiveness of the strategic plan and make adjustments as needed.At the conclusion of the ac creditation application process, the key decision maker will have a final review meeting to go over a SOOT analysis so s to improve the process when the System seeks accreditation elsewhere. Conclusion In order for a strategic plan to be effective, the input of all the key players, data analysis and collection, evaluation, and implementation along with other variables including resources and timeline must be in place.These items must not only be in place, but also done with respect to the mission and the vision of the organization in which the strategic plan is going to be implemented (Argosy, 2012 Guthrie & Ackermann, 2009). In effect, the strategic planning process is not self serving nor is t single purposed, but rather the strategic plan keeps in mind the key stakeholders and how what is planned and implemented will impact, people, policies, processes, and procedures.

Case Analysis of Lenovo M&A IBM PC department Essay

Lenovo Group Limited is a Chinese transnational reck wholenessr hardw ar and electronics participation. Its operational central office are located in Morrisville, North Carolina, United States and its registered office is in Hong Kong. It produces personalised computers, tablet computers, mobile phones, workstations, servers, electronic storage devices, IT focus software and smart televisions. Lenovo has trading operations in more than 60 countries and sells its intersection points in or so 160 countries. Lenovo was assembleed in Beijing in 1984 and incorporated in Hong Kong in 1988 under its previous make, Legend.Lenovo is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and is selected as aconstituent fund of the Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index. In the 1980s, when trade reforms were in progress, the Chinese government hired Liu Chuanzhi to distri furthere trade computers. In 1984, Liu founded Lenovo with a group of ten engineers and 200,000 yuan in Beijing.Their l ow gear significant stew to import televisions was failed. The group could rebuild itself within a course of study by carrying out quality checks on computers for refreshed buyers. Shortly afterward, Lenovo started developing a circuit board that would abide IBM-compatible personal computers to process Chinese characters. This product was Lenovos first major success. Lenovo started to manufacture and launch computers tagging its give birth grunge name in 1990. In 1996, Lenovos foodstuff division went up to the first place in China, and it launched its first PC. Since then, it developed rapidly and in 2000 it became a constituent of the Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index.However, Lenovos diversification strategy and the competition with the computer manufacturers around the world make Lenovo to loss position. In 2003, the ternary assembly line annotations which include mobile phone, IT and the inter dismiss unit lost over hundred cardinal Hong Kong dollar. eve n so in the line of the PC, the most sugarable unit of Lenovo, it should compete with the DELL and HP. The fact that the global market made DELL stronger hiked Lenovo to focus on its comparative advantages of operational area, the PC and go back to the internationalization strategies.After nine years, Lenovo became the worlds largest PC vendor in 2012 trade the ThinkPad line of notebook computers and the ThinkCentre line of desk pull ins. Lenovo could success because of its long-term concentration on emerging markets and successful afield M&As suffering from a low profit margin in the PC business and intense competitions from tablet PCs and smart phones, the company is initiating to diversify its businesses. The most famous M&A case is the nuclear fusion reaction and scholarship of IBMs PC unit. In fact, in early 2000, IBM had already represented its willingness to sell their PC unit to Lenovo. Why would IBM sell its renowned PC unit?According to the financial report submitte d by the IBM in the year 2004, the PC division lost 397 one jillion one thousand million million dollar in 2001, 171 million in 2002, 258 million in 2003, and 139 million in the first half of the 2004. For the successive years, IBM was in a lost position. The wide awake pricing strategies of companies such as Dell, Hewlett-Packard (HP) had a atrocious impact on the sales of the IBM PC whichmeans, for IBM, the PC unit is tasteless. Therefore, IBM was to leave unprofitable PC market, and put in more effort in the profitable high-end servers, software and IT services business.However, the acquisition price then is up to 4 billion in US dollar, Lenovo was unable to afford that much. Moreover, Lenovo played a dominant role in the market of mainland China then, so it didnt accept this proposal. In May 2002, IBMs CEO Sam Palmisano visited Lenovo to revisit the issues of the dickens sides. Lenovo had then enthusiasm about the implementation of diversification strategy, but also aware o f the importance of the internationalization. Hence, it was possible for later further negotiations.From the end of 2003 to December 8, 2004, this nuclear fusion continued for an entire year. December 8, 2004, Lenovo publicly announced that the acquisition of IBMs global PC business is complete. Lenovos acquisition of IBMs personal computer division accelerated entry to foreign markets slice improving both its branding and technology. Lenovo paid $1.25 billion for IBMs computer business, including $650 million in cash, 600 million shares and an additional $500 million of IBMs debt.This acquisition made Lenovo the tierce largest computer manufacturer in the world by volume then. After the acquisition completed, Lenovo wanted to take over IBMs notebook and desktop businesses and other related businesses including its customers, distribution and marketing channels worldwide. With regard to the purchase of IBMs personal computer division Liu Chuanzhi said, We benefited in three focu ss from the IBM acquisition. We got the ThinkPad brand, IBMs more advanced PC manufacturing technology and the companys international resources, such as its global sales channels and operation teams. These three elements have shored up our sales revenue in the past some(prenominal) years.Besides, Lenovo obtained the 5-year-right to use the brand name of IBM. Acquisition agreement also point that the executive candidate Stephen Ward (the elder manager of IBM) became the CEO and board directors of Lenovo group. Whereas after the M&A, Lenovo faced discordant serious capers such as culture differences and the integration of human resources, high salary costs, add up chain issues and the financial distress. However, Lenovo finally light upd the problems and dramatically break downd.1. To solve the problem of the large gap of the salaries amid theemployees of the Lenovo and the employees of the IBM PC Unit, Lenovo decided not to change the salary of the employees of IBM within 3 y ears and agreed to transform their stock options into the stock options of Lenovo. And for the three years of time, Lenovo will adjust and establish a unified and equitable salary system. 2. To solve the difficulty of the integration of the brand, Lenovo required at least a 5-year-time to launch an independent and prestigious brand. With the agreement between Lenovo and IBM, Lenovo can use the brand name of IBM for five years.After that, Lenovo can exclusively if use ThinkPad and ThinkCentre. 3. To solve the supply chain issues, by the end of the year 2005, Lenovo had invited William J. Amalio to charge the position, the CEO of the Lenovo Group, replacing the former CEO, Stephen N. Ward. Amalio made a great effort to optimize and improve the international supply chain system of Lenovo during his tenure. Lenovo started the Reconstruction project of the supply chain worldwide through developing the infrastructure of not only the IT but only the efficiency of the supply chains. 4. T he financial distress was a huge obstacle for the progress of Lenovo which carries seriously negative effects.When the acquisition is complete, the net profit of Lenovo decreased significantly from 1092 million Hong Kong dollar in 2005 to 216.528 million Hong Kong dollar in 2006. And the EPS(Earnings per share) of Lenovo also dropped from 14.97 HK cents to 1.95 HK cents. The loss of revenue was due to the loss of the market share of the IBM PC unit. After every possible works, in 2007, Lenovo has basically completed the pre-integration of the PC unit. And the financial indicators seemed all getting better. The profit of Lenovo augmentd to 1256.88 million Hong Kong dollars, and its EPS increase to 14.35 in 2007. However, Lenovo should endeavor to get a stable condition before they had.In 2008, Lenovo showed the worst financial reports since its acquisition of the IBM PC unit. The profit was only 23.3 million dollar which is 78% of decrease compared with the profit last year. At Feb, 5, 2009, Lenovo announced a loss of 97 million dollar. And at the comparable time, Lenovo found that it had lost the dominant market share in mainland China. After bearing a really tough time of its own, Lenovo made a right termination during this period of time. Lius comeback must be the most correct one.Liu adjusted the companys business strategies to maintain a desirable share of domestic sales and continue to expand global overseas markets. Lenovo Groupimmediately reduced its losses in 2010 and finally, discoverd profitability and got a profit of 1,009 million Hong Kong dollar in fiscal year of 2010. Lenovo eventually got survived.1. The critical successful factors that are the focus of the successful M&A activities 1.1 Synergistic EffectThe trace of the successful M&A case is whether the merging companies and the merged companies can complement other groups advantages and make one plus one bigger than two or not. The merging of Lenovo and IBMs personal-computer department has great synergistic effect in many aspects. It made the remarkable positive measure in the synergy of businesses, the synergy of distribution channels, the synergy of the brand and care and the synergy of cost savings.1.2 Integrated the human resources and resolved the labor cost problem successfully At the first time, in that location was tremendous difference between Lenovos and IBMs human resources strategies. The major problem was the large salaries gap between Lenovo and IBM, the salaries of previous IBMs employees made great cost expenses. In order to retain the previous IBMs employees and reduce the discontent of Lenovos employees, Lenovo gave itself three years of transitional period and formed a unified and equitable paying system within three years. 1.3 Resolved the difficulty of blending two brands numerous companies try to increase their sales amounts and seek growth of revenue by developing new products. And the co-branding strategy is one of the effective methods to provide a way to produce new and profitable products. Lenovo planned to utilize the well-known brand name of IBM in order to access to the international market hence increase the revenue. However, merging two brands caused brand meaning to transfer in unexpected ways that were never intended.Through signing an agreement to obtain the right which is allow Lenovo to use the trademark of IBM for five years, Lenovo could use the buffering time to make the global computer users worldwide to recognize its half-new name. In 2011, Lenovo took over the Acer and became the world third largest PC supplier globally. We can see that Lenovo has gradually built its reputation in the international market around the world so far.1.4 Well-designed corporate management planAfter the acquisition, Lenovo experienced a tough time in transition, with serious financial hardship as well as plummeting the price of stock. In order to resolve these problems, Chuanzhi Liu designed an accurate scheme with two steps forward to make Lenovo achieve success in the acquisition. Owing the accurate action, Lenovo could eventually break the stalemate and achieve brilliant success in profit again in 2010 as it shows below.20092010EPSHK cents-19.9710.37Net incomemillion HKD-1765.831009.07ROA%-3.421.44ROE%-17.278.06The profit exponent of Lenovo in 2009, 20102. The summary of lessons learned which made the factors successful 2.1 Synergistic EffectThere are several synergistic effects in the case of Lenovo M&A IBM PC department. Complementing IBMs and Lenovos advantages, Lenovo are able to increase its market share and the revenue, reduce the cost and finally manage the firm to be effective in full operation. Firstly, one of key driving forces for the successful M&A was that IBM has already penetrated the global large enterprises market whereas Lenovo have relatively the small enterprises market in terms of scope of their activities and the consumers market.However, after the merge with IBM PC depa rtment, Lenovoexpands its business share thus increases the bottom line. Secondly, it was the synergy of distribution channel. Lenovo has an internationalization strategy that Attracting-In and Walking-Out while IBM which is a globally mature large entity has tones of successful distribution channels all over the map and the corresponding sales teams and managing groups. By merging IBMs PC department, Lenovo is able to combine the domestic and international distribution channels and it gains the international market at a relatively cheaper cost. At the third place, the synergy of the brand and management.After merging, Lenovo processes IBMs THINK series brand and their patents, two R&D centers and retention of the previous IBMs top executive board. Lenovo maintains the competitive advantages of IBMs PS department, the leading R&D as well as the product innovation capability. At the forth place, the synergy of cost saving. Lenovo did not have competitive advantages regarding of inven tion cycle and the integration of the whole industry chain. After merging, Lenovo cut IBMs money-consuming outsourcing businesses, and then optimize its supply chain.As a result, save a great deal of cost. 2.2 Integrated the human resources and resolved the labor cost problem successfully At first, there was an immense difference in their strategies between two companies. Lenovo paid attention solely in the internal training among skilled and outstanding people while IBMs training mechanism was far improved. Lenovo hires employees according to the degree of agreeing its corporate culture whereas IBM focuses on morality. The most practical issue seemed to be the cost of labour.The do amount wages of IBMs employees was much greater than Lenovos. IBMs employees enjoyed wages about seven times more than Lenovos among the same level positions. Lenovo refractory to stick to the wage level of the previous IBMs executives within three years and also their IBMs stock options exchange to Le novos in the same amount. In three years, they gradually prepared to form an incorporated payroll system. In which case, Lenovo retained the IBM previous technicians and the top executive group which are unquestionably crucial assets for Lenovo. 2.3 Resolved the difficulty of blending two brandsIBMs brand value is fairly influential and stable, maintaining its name value at top three for 6 years (2001 to 2006) whilst Lenovo did not gain much global reputation before the merging. In order to keep thecompetitiveness of IBMs global PC business and settle the problems of blending two brands in a steady state, Lenovo and IBM got in terms that Lenovo would be able to use the trademark of IBM in five years, after five years, Lenovo can only us ThinkPad and ThinkCentre. Hence, the co-branding strategy for Lenovo to merge with IBMs PC department was quite fruitful which did not hurt IBMs reputation and during the buffer time, Lenovo are able to increase its popularity worldwide with the br and of IBM, after five years, Lenovo earned its own reputation. 2.4 Well-designed corporate management planLenovo has made a pivotal management plan after M&A strived to unravel the financial difficulties.STEP ONE In order to stabilize overseas customers after the acquisition as well as to learn know-how from advanced International management team, Lenovo selected two foreign managers as CEO in roll, Stephen Ward(the senior manager of IBM) and Amelio (the ex-vice CEO of DELL). During this term, the primary task for the Chinese senior managers is to learn in despite of unpleasant situation. Stephen Ward stabilized the original employees of IBM and customers, which plays a substitution role in reducing the flow of employees and customers. Amelio constantly induced the efficiency management of DELL to Lenovo, cut uncalled for staff member, and streamlined the whole management structure.During that period, Lenovo terminated a high level of profit of more than 40 million dollars. Moreo ver, Chinese managers had acquired a bulk of experience in multicultural corporation management and stored a pool of the capable employees for future development.STEP TWO Restructured foreign CEOs that are near-sighted and lack in courage to enlarge business and reemployed the reliable and shell Chinese senior management crew after 4 years. This step established the desire of original employees of Lenovo and released the inner power of Lenovo storing for 4 years.3. What should the company do next to improve its post-M&A initiatives Lenovo cannot survive after the M&A if it cannot provide valuable product, so itshould focus on further research and development. Lenovo should stick to to its innovative corporate culture. Lenovo Group has established a R&D team which has three core research locationsChina, The US and Japan. And the team is closely connected with the business department. Within Lenovo group, they called this enormous system, Global innovation triangle.After the acqui sition, Lenovo was faced with new challenge, that is, the culture conflict the difference between the two countries may force the former employees of IBM to leave Lenovo. So that Lenovo should respect the autonomy of overseas R&D centers. Powers are returning to the engineers, and even the appearance of the new headquarters of Lenovo in the Raleigh, US, is designed by the senior director David and his American team, and it impossible under IBMs rule. And this is a very good beginning. Even though Lenovo has a global marketing channel after the acquisition of IBM PC unit, it needs a more proactive marketing team.The sales team of IBM just issued orders for Lenovo but never take active steps to find new customers. The acquisition of IBM PC leads to a loss of the customers such as the US government, so that the marketing team of Lenovo should improve its skills to find new customers. Lenovo should deepen its internationalization achievements. Since Lenovos success is attributed to its long-term target on emerging markets and successful overseas M&A, it should run a good business of the corporations it merged. Lenovo should shape itself for the global market.Positioning is always the critical issue that the Chinese companies ignore, and it is the reason why Chinese company can hardly last longer than other in western countries. After the positioning, Lenovo should rationalize their pricing strategy. The value of the product is an important factor to affect Lenovo can no longer make low-price strategy to survive in the global market. Lenovo should rather concern about the demand of their target customers, and make valuable and long-lasting product for them. Since China is concerning about the industrial upgrading, Lenovo should grasp this opportunity, and actively develop new smart phones, tablet PCs, smart TVs to promote the association to achieve the leap from PC to PC +.ConclusionIn conclusion, the traditional era of homogeneous workforce has begun tochange. W ith the quickly changing social structure and emergence of new technology, a heterogeneous workforce is currently essential to markets needs. In the past few years, China has emerged as the most potential market with a huge population, rapidly growing domestic demand and low cost of production.Many multinational companies have been trying to get a earth in China in order to obtain their competitive advantages. Consequently, that has posed serious challenges to the Chinese local producers in competing with these large giants. In order to survive and boost businesses growth, many business need to expand its market beyond the home base. There are many entry expressive styles that may help firms business move into the international market. After the M&A has taken place, organization needs to pay extra attention on the strategy it chose to adopt to integrate the culture of the two companies to keep the smoothness of the organisation operation and performance.From the case study of Leno vo and IBM, a number of important conclusions can be drawn. For a Chinese company like Lenovo, the main motives for its embarking on M&A with IBM PC-D were its need for international branding to gain access to international customers as well as its need to be equipped with technology. As mentioned previously, Chinese products have always been marketed at the lower end of the product line with low costs and deplorable quality. Acquiring a well-known international brand is considered to be the fastest route to changing these intolerable perceptions of the consumers towards Chinese products and booting up its product image.Under this particular(prenominal) circumstance, the need for branding is deemed the most important for a Chinese company to expand into international market. The case of Lenovos adopting a separate management mode to manage IBM PC department team was different from those described in the literature. The acquiring company is the very one that encourages the acquired team to preserve and maintain its own management system and procedure.Among the reasons behind this move, the most curial factor affecting this decision is fixed length of time agreed by IBM to allow Lenovo to use the brand ThinkPad. With this fixed term of a five-year period posted to Lenovo has to make best effort to build up its own brand Lenovo within this period. Therefore, it is sensible for Lenovo to encourage IBM PC department to maintain its own system and focus on digging the target in time.The use of culture integration committee in the case study of Lenovo has been very useful and helpful for members tounderstand and become more aware of the differences it may occur among them. The committee has set up several activities such as culture discovery newsletter and discussion forums to encourage communication between two teams. These arrangements have been well received by the employees with active participation and enthusiasm. Therefore, it is believed that this strategy m ay well be recommended for organisations to encourage communication between employees.

International Corporation Essay

solid jar coffeehouse International founded in 1971, as one of the worldwide entertainment and dining fall guys, internationally- highly praised music. It has a network of 122 signature to a great extent vibrate coffee shops in 41 countries and owns the worlds greatest collecting of music memorabilia. Founded by two Americans, Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton, they are enterprising and music loving. Peter brought a real understanding of the eating house business, and Isaac brought many creative attributes and together they made the heavy jolt Cafe (The clayey didder Cafe Story, 2005). unassailable Rock Cafe was an instant classic, entertain and attracting customers with its first-rate, but fairly priced casual American charge, warm religious service and ever-present brandish n roll music and sensibility. They offer quality, classic American food in their unique, high-energy, music memorabilia-packed atmosphere. Hard Rock Cafe has finally become the worlds leading collec tor and exhibitors of rock n roll memorabilia (The Hard Rock Cafe Story, 2005). cognize for its collectible and fashion merchandise, know concerts, Hard Rock Live performance venues, www. hardrock. com and Hard Rock Hotels and Casinos, Hard Rock Cafe International, Inc. is a totally owned subsidiary of London-based The Rank Group Plc. Hard Rock Cafe International departs visitors around the world with a unique experience that combines food and merchandise with the largest collection of rock memorabilia on the world. Hard Rock Cafe has become a global phenomenon. (Adelstein, 1999)People should keep their eye out as Hard Rock Cafe continues to take music into the next millennium, because at Hard Rock, music is truly the universal language. In latest years, Hard Rock has expanded its coffee shop limitations by reinforcing its music connection through music-related products and programs such as collectible and fashionable Hard Rock Cafe merchandise, the Hard Rock Records music label , www. hardrock. com, Hard Rock Hotels and Casinos, and Hard Rock Live music venues. Not only they can rock hard, they know how to throw a party.Opening celebrations for each innovative Hard Rock Cafe all around the world are started by live musical performances (About Hard Rock cafe, 2005). Hard Rock Cafe has been governed by a guiding service with law talent and honest philosophy, Love All Serve All. Means a stain where all have always been welcome, in spite of age, sex or class. Hard Rock Cafe remains amazingly faithful to its original intentions. Its rock n roll sensibility a Hard Rock Cafe legacy- remains at the very center of all Hard Rock restaurants and either development hard work undertaken by Hard Rock Cafe.Classic American food, served up by a skilled, caring and helpful wait staff, is as yet the order of the day at Hard Rock Cafe. And a their commitment to widespread valetitarian causes under the banner Save the Planet- has helped make Hard Rock a legitimate cult ural force, from coast to coast, continent to continent (The Hard Rock Cafe Story, 2005). Nowadays, Hard Rock Cafe International, with Hard Rock Cafe at its center, is an entertainment and leisure company that continues to successfully expand the Hard Rock Brand through limitless music-related ventures.Hard Rock Cafe is innovating on a corpse wide modernization program for the 21st century and adding a new day part, a nightclub with live music. Hard Rock is best known not for its food but for its atmosphere. The cafes ask for donations of music memorabilia and have the worlds largest collection of such. Time aft(prenominal) time, their guests have told them that they are looking for an opportunity to make a personal, physical and sometimes even spiritual connection to the music and artists of their time.Then Hard Rock Cafe offer a entertaining, unique and facts of lifeal look at the evolution of music, that can effects on world events and the emotional appeal and never-ending en ergy as told through priceless memorabilia, interactive displays, educated guides and self-guided tours (Hard Rock Cafe Announces Plans, 2002). For Hard Rock Cafe the biggest challenge facing respected restaurant chains like theirs is losing their customer. In addition, there have been many new competitors, paying attention by a low cost of aliment and rising people, offering a comparable dining experience. Moreover, employee turnover has continued to increase.Fighting this situation, Hard Rock Cafe wanted to take improvement of their well-built brand externalize, combined with excellent customer service and constantly high food quality and to attract more customers from the close region (Hard Rock Cafe sets new dining trends, 2004). At Hard Rock Restaurant, to serves their customer they do not applied manual POS (Point of Sales) systems. The reason why The Hard Rock restaurant is do not make use of manual POS solution because it was based on manual processes, it was inefficient and costly to train new staff and bring in lost revenue was nearly impossible.Before a new employee was ready to work on the restaurant floor, they have to follow the intensive classroom education for a week. From this activity expected, deliver the new wait-staff and cashiers that enable to memorize extensive information, from standard menu items and services options, to preparation alternatives, pricing details and corporate service policies (Hard Rock Cafe sets new dining trends, 2004). To be confident for the long term, The Hard Rock Cafe management needed to find a way to enhance customer service and reduce the amount of time that customers had to wait for their orders.Moreover, they had to decrease on training costs, as well as validation more-effective profits controls and a process for tracking customer preferences and sales trends to advance productivity. To face a great deal disturbance in the technology constancy lately, the restaurants major concern in selecting a new POS resolution was dependability. Not just of the restaurants new systems, but similarly of the technology source delivering them. Then they use the new IBM technology-based solution (Hard Rock Cafe sets new dining trends, 2004).Hard Rock Cafe expects a full return on investment (ROI) for the new IBM technology-based solution. ROI expected can reduce the cashier headcount and staff training costs. Hard Rock Cafe wait-staff and cashiers can trust in rapid access to concurrent menu and pricing information to respond quickly to diners, by leveraging new functionality. Besides, human error during the order-entry process has been reduced to nearly nothing, resulting in better consistency, efficiency, and customer satisfaction (Hard Rock Cafe sets new dining trends, 2004).To constrain close making about promotions, pricing and staffing, Hard Rock Cafe managers can track member of staff and customer activities, enabling the company to collect scarce business data. By that method, they can rapidly identify popular items, advantage information to cross-sell extra menu items and track the preferences of common. The customers have seen the new technology and they oft comment on the new modern system and Hard Rock Cafe innovative approach to reform the dining experience.This will affect customer faithfulness over the long term by enabling Hard Rock Cafe to leverage unforgettable, first-rate service and the strong brand image to attract a bigger base of both visitor and local customers (Hard Rock Cafe sets new dining trends, 2004). To build financial system work well, strategy for the Hard Rock Cafe are ? They should fix the infrastructure and the existing corporate systems, ? They must invest in customer-facing programs ? They supposed to provide technologies that will drive traffic to Hard Rocks website (www. hardrock. com) and from there to the restaurants

Henry David Thoreau, Less is More, and Fenway Park Essay

Henry David Thoreau, one of Americas most well- cognize untested Englanders, would most probably be disappointed with recent proposals to dismantle Fenway jet in order to clear a more than profitable baseball game park. The former(prenominal) two decades induce witnessed a pervasive sports trend in which original sports franchises have sought to maximize revenues by abandoning or tearing down old stadiums in order to construct modern stadiums that incorporate a vicissitude of separate income-generating facilities into the larger sports stadium design.In Toronto, for instance, lusciousels and department stores have been attached to the baseball stadium in order for the owners of the Toronto Blue Jays to generate more gain through the creation of hotel and shopping markets. In the Bronx, to take another example, the venerable Yankees of New York made a decision to abandon the mythical park known as Yankees stadium in order to construct a larger and more extravagant baseball stadium right next to the old stadium. some(prenominal) times, the pursuit of greater profits in this respect involves the use of essentially extortionary methods by greedy owners of sports franchises in order to force municipalities to allocate sc argon tax revenue income dollars toward the renovation or construction of sports facilities under a threat that the sports franchise will move to a novel city willing to spend tax dollars on their behalf.The role that greed plays in this trend cannot be denied indeed, with respect to the wild Sox, they have recently rugged the curse of the Bambino by in conclusion prevailing in the World Series and arrangedly sell the majority of their tickets in addition to substantial amounts of merchandise. It is un bespeakionable, for instance, that The ballpark was packed with avid fans, as it of all time is (Dreier 18) and that the wild Sox are one of Americas most recognizable brand names.Nonetheless, despite an extraordinarily loyal fan b ase and a baseball park considered one of the most aesthetically pleasing in all of sport, the Red Sox ownership is determined to raze Fenway Park in order to construct a completely rude(a) stadium. The ownerships primary rationale is that the current park, with 33,871 seats (the smallest in the major leagues), is economically obsolete and that they need the additional revenue from luxury boxes, stadium seats, and the other frills of newfang guide stadiums in order to compete with teams that have them (Dreier 18).Proposals for renovations have been rejected by Red Sox ownership on the grounds that a new stadium is cheaper than renovations. What emerges from proposals to destroy Fenway Park in order to construct a new stadium is fundamentally a portraying of greed. Ownership is not sit downisfied with current profits, even though they have proven more than adequate to compete, and one is left to wonder how much is overly much and whether the smaller park might be a critical reas on underlying the Red Sox mystique.Thoreau would likely be highly critical of such(prenominal) proposals and the proffered rational. Thoreau Personal Style, Less is More, and Simplicity Henry David Thoreaus mystique is intimately connected to his highly individualize theme style and his philosophical orientation. In terms of his writing style, for instance, Thoreau prefers to speak directly to his readers rather than to rely on third person narrative techniques. To this end, Thoreau rather consistently writes in the first person in a way that creates a face of intercourseal dialogue between the writer and the reader.In creating the context of his work Life in the Woods, Thoreau employs this first person conversation style by writing When I wrote the following pagesI lived alone, in the woods, a mile from my neighbor, in a house which I had built myself and promote that I earned my labor by the work of my hands alone. I lived on that point for two years and two months (n. p. ). In addition to employing a heavy dependent first person type of narrative, Thoreau also relies on personal observations and experiences in order to test and to support his theories and his conclusions.His is a uniquely hands-on type of narrative in which he derives his insights from personal experiences rather than from hearsay taken from the observations and experiences of other people. To be sure, Thoreau does at times reference the theories and the works of other people. He is obviously a well-read writer and he cites proverbs and theories from people as diverse as famous Buddhists, Hindus, and Western writers. All of these outside references, however, are structurally subordinate to his own observations, theoretical premises, and proffered conclusions.This type of first person narrative gives rise to what is extraordinarily analogous to a type of personal and philosophical quest in which Thoreau appears to be challenging conventional wisdom in several respects. Thus, in additi on to a writing style that is deeply personal, Thoreau also succeeds in allowing the reader to share in his journey or quest. This is because his writing is richly descriptive in a way that makes it nearly impossible to sever the descriptions of New Englands natural environment from the philosophical and economic assumptions and conclusions that he is simultaneously addressing, considering, and commenting upon.At the same that he discusses the economics of constructing his house he also describes in excruciating detail the type of natural materials used for the construction and the benefits of understanding the qualities of these raw materials in order to most effectively construct his new home. Nature, in effect, represents both a source of intellectual illumination and a impropriety to live life in a manner than obviates destructive human characteristics such as greed and desperation in the face of perceived deprivations. He remarks in this respect that I go and come with a stran ge liberty in Nature, a part of herself (n.p. ).Thoreaus writing style, in sum, is deeply personal and it invites the reader to join his search for meaning in a land in which human existence cannot be severed from nature. Although he is most well-known as a literary philosopher, a careful review of Thoreaus writing also demonstrates that he comments to a great extant on economics as well. He basically argues that human beings have made day-after-day life too complicated. It has become too complicated because people desire things such as fame, money, and extravagance in ways that have no limitation. on that point is no final stage of cheer, people always want more, and as a result people are destined to be un clever because there is no comfortable or moderate level of accomplishment. He states in this respect that Most menthrough mere ignorance or mistake, are so occupied with the facetious cares and superfluously coarse labours of life that its finer fruits cannot be plucked by t hem (n. p. ). People therefore need to set modest goals consistent with nature in ways that will result in contentment and moderation.He characterizes this as a simple approach to life in which happiness is best achieved by avoiding extreme desires. Desperation, whether in terms of fame or profit, is therefore a destructive and should be avoided. In addition to being well-known as a philosopher, there is much economic discussion and wisdom in Thoreaus writings. The fundamental economic theme advocated by Thoreau is that When it comes to economic consumption, less is more (Cafaro 26). A desperate desire for public acclaim and wealth wastes natural resources and is unnecessary to the attainment of a successful and happy life.In short, Thoreaus personalized writing style functions as a type of personal appeal for human beings to become happier and more self-sufficient by using resources wisely and by being content with reasonable limits in daily life rather than pursuing ever higher le vels of artificial accumulation. Fenway Park through Thoreaus look Upon learning of the proposed demolition of Fenway Park, I decided to pack up my backpack with some clothes and camped in the visitors bullpen. It was my desire to learn whether the players and the fans were happy with the stadium.I spent afternoons in the parking lot, attending tailgate parties with fans, and evenings in my perch in the bullpen chatting with home and visiting players. I did not have to purchase tickets, the owners of the Red Sox having invited me to live in the bullpen for a month hoping that I would lend their proposals a vote of confidence after personally witnessing the obviously decrepit state of the famed stadium, and I crafted a tent from practice uniforms and baseball bats in the evening to shield me from the chilly climate of capital of Massachusettss evenings and early break of days.Shelter and access secure, I turned my attentions to warming my body and found that the natural confines o f Boston were more than adequate for purposes of sustenance. The fans offered hot dogs during games, hamburgers during tailgate parties, and vendors were always kind enough to provide me with care packages on days that the Red Sox played away or had open dates. I was, in sum, housed and fed and free to engage in my observations of the fans and players in Fenway Park. Most players and fans seemed genuinely happy and content, subject of course to the scores of individual games, and as I sat in the bullpen I thought I began to understand.It is true that Fenway Park is an extraordinarily old baseball stadium, that it is not as shiny or smooth as other stadiums in the league, and yet there was a natural and pristine quality that seemed in many ways to transcend contemporary baseball. The morning dew clung to the outfield grasses of green and contributed to the firm natural turf in a way that allowed the outfielders to maintain a firm footing rather than sliding or move in pursuit of li ne drives slapped by hitters into the gaps. The grass dried in the afternoons and was soft enough to cushion a players fall if come down for a pop-up became necessary.The grasses of Fenway were both aesthetically pleasing, a part of Bostons natural environment, and friend rather than for players tumbling to the ground. It occurred to me one early morning that other stadiums had torn up their natural grass and replaced it with Astroturf and other forms of artificial grass. The motives were fundamentally economic in nature, premised in an accountants calculation that maintenance fees would be cheaper so that profits could be maximized, and the results were disappointing. These artificial turfs faded in color and peeled.Fans and players complained. The sun glared off the turf and blinded fans who had paid good money for tickets. The tactile sensation of the grass was gone and the fields became plastic stages rather than natural turfs. More, the comforting textures of grass fields tor n up, players began to suffer more injuries and more serious types of injuries on artificial turf. Under the turf, another cost-saving measure, was a concrete and hard-rubber base. Players suffered ligament tears previously uncommon on grass fields and bones were more frequently broken when players have fallen on the grass.The turf is unnatural, it is unforgiving, and it does not interact naturally with the human body. This illustrates the danger of change premised on profit without a due paying attention being given to other salient factors. The artificial turf denigrated the visual aesthetic of watching a baseball game in person and led to decreased ticket sales in the same way, increased injuries led to more expensive medical bills and lost playing time that imposed cost far in excess of the initial savings envisioned when the grass was torn out and the artificial turf was installed.Alterations have consequences and it is difficult to imagine regular something that is not broken . The grass in Fenway represents the purity of the game and is firmly etched in the minds of all that have visited as fans or played as players at Fenway Park. Fans and players are satisfied, the quality of the game is intact, and the ownerships preoccupation with profit must be analyzed in light of the downfalls experienced in the strip of artificial turf. There is more to baseball, both as a sport and as entertainment, that size and glamour.The beauty is in the finer details and the owners would be wise to consider the risks of destroying a beautiful thing for profit alone. It would also be wise to consider the consequences of replacing the lovingly certain with the uncertain. A peek into the stands demonstrates fans who are committed, loyal, and knowledgeable. There is a sea of Red Sox colors, families cheering and grimacing, and a uniformity of aspiration that seems difficult if not impossible to attain in outside settings.These fans are possessed with a common cause, the succ ess of their beloved Red Sox, and this singularness of purpose transcends differences in their individual lives and diverse backgrounds and personalities. Fenway is a integrate force, it has since its inception been a unifying force for the people of New England generally and Bostonians more specifically, and this unity has been cultivated and reinforced by human bewitchment by such structures as the color Monster in left field and such Red Sox heroes as Ted Williams.One might copy the Green Monster, a short but high fence in left field, but it would never be the same in a new field. More, given ownerships perverse fascination with profit, it is plausible that the new left field fence would be lowered to accommodate more seats capable of selling more tickets. A new park would become standard rather than distinctive and one of the parks major draws would be eliminated. The same is true with the way in which memories of past heroes would be dished ted Williams batted over .400 whi le walking and running within the confine of Fenway Park his memory would fade with the demolished park. Heroes and physical attractions are attached to Fenway park and cannot be duplicated. Finally, there are questions pertaining to audience as a writer, I am well aware of the fact that audiences are truer indicators of fame and reply than profits. What quality of fan, for instance, shall be attracted to a modern stadium with modern and non-baseball related amenities? Will the common man be priced out of attending Red Sox games in a sport cathedral dedicated to profit rather than community and sport?These are questions worth considering they are worth considering because, in truth, the fame of the Red Sox is dependent on its natural environment. This natural environment, in turn, includes the history of the franchise, the intimacy that Fenway Park cultivates between fan and franchise, and an audience that is fervently dedicated to the team. Removing Fenway Park whitethorn very wel l destroy these symbiotic relations and taint the brand value of the Boston Red Sox. Tearing down Fenway Park for a new stadium is like tearing down the forests for a new housing development. Nothing will ever be the same.

Organisations Need Strong Culture Essay

I will outline why a quick culture is required for organisations in a post-bureaucratic era. Culture represents the totality of everyday knowledge that people use habitually to make sense of the world around them finished patterns of sh atomic number 18d meanings and understandings passed down through language, symbols, and artefacts (Clegg 3rd Edition, 2011). It is the glue that binds the workforce of an organisation in a post-bureaucratic organisation, which is heterarchical, meaning in mildewation flows across divisions and is more equally given to people and different managements.I will also draw upon numerous tutorial and additional readings to explore the differing opinions into the essence of culture and its importance to modern-day organisations. It is an important ingredient to achiever that organisations come across their objectives under a strong culture in the post-bureaucratic era, as the necessary outcomes will be achieved through a quality focused pagan organisati on.moreover I will provide an over bewitch of culture in the post-bureaucratic era with the assistance of Josserand (2012), and then analyse the working environment by comparing and contrasting its strength with a strong culture using Rosen (1988) and Karreman, D. & Alvesson, M (2004). Lastly I will assess an organisations working situation without culture using Bolden (2006), to ultimately put down that in my opinion it is clear that organisations need strong culture to be successful.Josserand (2012) analyses corporate alumni networks as a post-bureaucratic management practice that perpetuates an individuals subjectivation despite them no eight-day being a part of the organisation. Courpasson (2000, cited in Josserand 2012) states that post-bureaucratic management practices are powerful soft-domination devices. On the surface it appears as though there is equality among workers in the system which helps produce obedience, in time its actually a pervasive system of controls whi ch subtly reinforces the hierarchical structure (Josserand, 2012).Its been debated that an enterprising culture is promoted by post-bureaucratic practices. DuGay (2000, cited in Josserand 2012) further points out that it carries humanistic values of autonomy, responsibility, flexibility, confidence, and trust, that encourages people to be empowered and to take on responsibilities. Culture gives organisations unique identities but most importantly, I hope a positive culture benefits both(prenominal) employees and employers, as it creates a productive working environment and thus leads to more efficient and effective work practices.It increases the successfulness of the organisation if implemented successfully. Employing a strong culture in an organisation give the bounce be a tedious, time consuming and a rugged task, however it is a long term project to increase the organisations profitability by increasing the enjoyment and satisfaction of its workers. In addition workers will flourish consort to Salaman & Storey (2008, cited in Josserand 2012) by constantly achieving harder, better and faster, which is beneficial for the employers and employers as better results are achieved.It also engrains the concept that they are players on the identical team (Hardy, 1998, cited in Josserand 2012). The ultimate outcome is for the workers to believe they are members of the big corporate family who they can trust as their relatives (Casey 1999, cited in Josserand 2012). From this, they all enjoy the success of achieving the familys key objectives. Negative culture needinesss the engagement and empowerment aspects needed by a successful organisation and achieving the key objectives in a weaker or negative cultured organisation become much more difficult and stresses the bureaucratic processes.Rosens (1988) article utilises the setting of an organisations Christmas party to draw out the cultural and symbolic meanings, under the guise of a supposedly innocent social eve nt. There is a blurring of boundary between self and organisation (Rosen 1988), giving workers a chance to develop more personal relationships with fellow workers, which I believe is an important consideration in driving culture. However subtly it is a form of normative control which reinforces the organisations hierarchy.Nevertheless, bosses, co-workers, and inferiors in the organisation socialise in the social setting, not as subordinates (Rosen 1988) but as equals. This further blurs the boundaries between that which is work and play, slavish and moral, inside and outside (Rosen 1988), where familial bonds are forged and comradeship created. Here, workers life and work become indistinguishable. Creating and maintaining a strong culture is thus beneficial for both employees and employers as they feel belonging as family and profession (Rosen 1988).Greater bonding among workers helps develop a sense of connection and a feeling of belonging, which therefore increases the productive ness of the employees and therefore make the organisation more profitable. The Christmas party is ultimately a collection of members forming an organic unity (Rosen 1988), creating a culture which encourages an informal, flexible, and dedicated membership, one not constrained by extensive rules, and one capable of accomplishing ill-defined and complex tasks (Rosen 1988).It is the ongoing drive to succeed which continues to grow the strength of the positive culture that is continually being by a valued workforce. Karreman, D. & Alvesson, M (2004), uses the case of Big Consulting to discuss how organizations were stereotypically understood as bureaucracies, with very slightly refined and tightened structural cages. bureaucratic modes of organizing include division of labor, hierarchy, and standardization (Karreman, D. & Alvesson, M 2004), and these usually alienate workers as managers take no appreciation of their contribution.This negative culture that is created from alienating and disengaging workers is very difficult to transform into positive culture, and therefore weakens organisations and bureaucracies as a result. However it has changed over the past thirty years, and this stereotype has been replaced with a cliche that organizations are becoming increasingly network based, organic, and flexible, and knit together values, ideas, mutual adjustment, community feelings or identity (Karreman, D. & Alvesson, M 2004). Here it is evident that a culture of positivity, teamwork and individuality has been developed.Adopting these practices has benefited Big Consulting as it has instilled a delivery culture and commitment to keeping deadlines at all costs (Karreman, D. & Alvesson, M 2004). Now strength is the focus of the organisation when completing a task, as the workers start been cultured into committing themselves whole-heartedly to working together as a team to complete work projects. The culture which has been bread in this organisation can enhance an organ isations reputation as evident by Big Consulting case study where it is now known as a reliable and trustworthy worry that delivers what is promised (Karreman, D. Alvesson, M 2004). Though Bolden, R. Gosling (2006) does not focus on culture, I will be using it to show the disadvantages and issues associated with organisations and leaders without a strong culture. The competency prelude appears to be fast becoming one of the most dominant models for management and leadership assessment and development in the UK (Miller et al. , 2001 Rankin, 2002, cited in Bolden, R. Gosling 2006). This approach was founded on an objectivist view of the world that considers the worker and the work as distinct entities (Bolden, R. Gosling 2006).Of importance in my belief is the fact that the strong emphasis on individual behaviour nitty-gritty that outcomes are invariably attributed to the individual rather than the collective and/or contextual (Bolden, R. Gosling 2006). This can arouse negative effects on the organisation as workers lack the determination and motivation because they receive near no credit for the work theyve undertaken nor the goals they have achieved. Therefore the organisations profitability often decreases, as workers become increasingly unsated and unproductive as they feel as though they are taken for granted and only known as numbers rather than people.I have outlines why organisations need strong culture by providing an overview of culture in the post-bureaucratic era, and an analysis of the working environment by comparing and contrasting its effectiveness with and without strong culture. Josserand (2012), Rosen (1988), and Karreman, D. & Alvesson, M (2004), assisted me in showing how post-bureaucratic organisations with a strong culture focused on working together as a team benefits organisations. art object I used Bolden, R.Gosling (2006) to illustrate the negative aspects to an organisation that is hierarchical and does not take notice of emplo yees, and the value they can often add to achieving the organisations goals. I have come to the overall conclusion that organisations do in fact need strong culture, as it increases worker moral and productivity because they are recognised and are engaged as valuable members of the organisation. This in turn benefits the organisation as its profitability increases as a positive workforce leads to positive outcomes with the goals of the organisations being achieved.

The Victory of Spanish over the Aztecs

The victory of Cortes over the Aztec was the publication of certain military advantages the conquistadors enjoyed, as well as specific problems that weakened the Aztec people and made the empire more vulnerable. It is almost impossible to believe that a small amount of Spanish soldiers were able to fascinate the mighty Aztec empire in this historic battle. As soon as Cortes and his army arrived to Mexico in 1519, where the Aztec use to live.They were kindly received by the emperor Montezuma, and their main goal of coming to Tenochtitlan was the gold. According to Sahagun, (2009), when the Spanish had prone the gold, they seemed to smile, to rejoice and to be very happy. Like monkeys they griped the gold, (p. 112). Despite their small number, the Spanish has defeated the Aztec, because of umpteen advantages, such as the military technology they had, which were based on firearms, swords made by steel and cast-iron and riding horses were a great advantage.Also, they had better wea pon and a lot of the Aztec were scared of horses. Moreover, the Spanish looked interchangeable gods to the Aztecs, because of their aggression in killing people. What is more, the diseases that the Spanish carried, like smallpox and malaria, helped them a lot in victorious. The pustules that cover people caused great desolation very more people died of them, and many just starved to remainder starvation regained, and no one took care of others any longer (Sahagun, 2009, page 114).On the other hand, before the Spanish reached Mexico, there were many problems that faced the Aztecs, for example because of the Aztecs religion, it requested a large number of human establishs, which considered as an honor, where to be made to the Gods. Once when Duran asked why the people were not content to sacrifice animals, he was told that the sacrifice of humans was the honored offering of a great lord (Duran,2009,page 407). Furthermore, the Aztecs were not able to be fall in with other tribe s, so the Spanish took this point as an advantage, by united with other tribes to fight the Aztecs.All of these factors were classical reasons to destroy the Aztecs civilization. In conclusion, the Spanish had no mercy in fighting with Aztec and they made many massacres back that time. They used many powerful battle methods against the Aztec, like swords, horses and diseases . Also, there were some interior troubles indoors the Aztec society such as human sacrifices. after long battle between the Spanish and the Aztec and a long siege of the capital Tenochtitlan, where much of the population died from hunger and diseases.

Neurological Effects of Marijuana

The recreational affair of marihuana has become an almost mainstream part of our decree today, so mainstream in fact that 16. 8% of Canadians sure-enough(a) than 15 procedure it. In government, the debate to legalize ganja has enormous gone back and onward yet never coming to a conclusion. But in this debate is the government really examining the mental effects of the drug, or are they just concerned with the money aspect.In one chew over of the neuropsychological effects of marijuana it was concluded that The low dose produced generalized impairment of all mental processes (concept formation, keeping, tactile form discrimination and motor function). The inquiry question of this essay is Are the short and long term neuropsychological effects of marijuana severe enough to leave kick the bucketing impressions on our society? advise The thesis of this essay is the neuropsychological effects of marijuana are ery apparent through experimental research and the deficits ca physical exercised by marijuana could become visible in our society and create problems down the road. The essay allow proceed in the order of first examining a case of neuropsychological effects on intelligent marijuana utilisationrs, then we result examine some of these effects and they way they impact teen senesce marijuana users. It will also be examined how marijuana may be seen as a cause of psycho disorders, and also the way marijuana affects aggression. ArgumentThe use of marijuana affects the mavin and our neuropsychological functions such as memory. But how memory is affected is it long term or short term memory and is this a lasting effect or not. In a take in performed by Kanayama, Rogowska, Pope , Gruber , and Yurgelun-Todd (2003), 12 saturnine marijuana smokers, and a control group of 10 another(prenominal)s were to completed a spatial working memory paradigm that include two childbeds a perception task and a short-delay working memory task part undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging.The results instaled that the recent halter users displayed greater and more than widespread brain activation than normal subjects when attempting to perform the aforementioned task. This suggests that the recent cannabis users may experience some neuropsychological deficits and they compensate for these deficits by calling upon different regions of the brain to tending out in completing the task. This study shows that for a weighty cannabis user, simple tasks require extra effort from different regions of the brain in order to accomplish said task.This experimental study was well conducted and provided significant findings regarding the neuropsychological functions of a heavy cannabis user. These findings show that the heavy cannabis users had to work harder to accomplish the task at hand, and even though they still managed to accomplish the task, the neurologic deficits shown through this study could leave them crippled or handicapped subsequently in life with continued use of the drug. The debate continues in that people are unsure whether neurological deficits associated with cannabis last only as long as the drug does or if the continue after and are more permanent.For example, Fried (2005 cited in Murray, Morrison, Henquet, Di Forti 2007) et al. found no evidence of cognitive deficits in cannabis users after three months of abstention66, whereas Bolla (2005 cited in Murray, Morrison, Henquet, Di Forti 2007) et al. found persisting deficits in decision-making and brain activity among heavy cannabis users who had been abstinent for 25 days. This inconsistency could be due to the age of participants or any number of other variables, which is why this sort of experiments can be unclear and inconclusive at times.One aspect of the age variable is that most experiments of this type are performed on big(a) participants and so does not show how the neurological effects of cannabis might affect the growing mind of a teenager. In a study performed by Harvey, Sellman, Porter, and Frampton (2007), 70 adolescents aged 13-18 were recruited, and after a 12 hour abstinence from marijuana performed several(prenominal) test. These tests included a demographics questionnaire, a Timeline Follow-Back (TLFB) questionnaire for drug use in the past 28 days.Intelligence was heedful using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery was used and the tests administered were Motor wake (visual and movement problems), Rapid visual information processing (attention and memory), Spatial working memory (memory and strategy), Intradimensional extradimentional shift (attention), and mated Associates eruditeness (visuo-spatial and spatial span). The pen and paper cognitive tests used were Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test. psychiatrical functioning measures used were Visual Analogue Scale for Mood (present mood), Beck Depres sion Inventory II, Hamilton Depression order Scale, Conduct Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The Timeline Follow-Back showed that 68. 5% of participants had used marijuana in the last 28 days. The results found from this well conducted study show that adolescents who were regular cannabis users showed a significantly worse performance on four measures of cognitive functions attention, spatial working, memory, and learning.These results suggest that the young mind could be more susceptible to the neuropsychological deficits experienced through frequent use of marijuana. This is actually negative considering 68. 5% of participants use marijuana frequently and thus has neurological deficits when it comes to attention, spatial working, memory and learning. If this sample is a close mental representation of the teenage population then our society could have problems down the road.If these teenagers continue to consume cannabis on a regular basis through t o adulthood then we could see these neurological deficits etting worse and worse as these teens earn more responsibility as they progress through life. Another possibility of problems that could come from this is the possibility that cannabis use could lead to psychosis or schizophrenia. It is unclear whether this is true or not but, but in some cases cannabis has been deemed a causal risk factor for schizophrenia. Richard Reading (2004) examined the evidence behind these claims and identified five studies that included a well-defined sample drawn from population-based registers or cohorts and used prospective measures of cannabis use and adult psychosis.After examining these cases thoroughly he concluded that cannabis is a component cause to psychosis. It is part of a complex mix of different factors which lead to psychosis down the road. Through these findings Reading deemed that cases of psychotic disorder could be minimized by discouraging cannabis use to vulnerable youth. Consi dering how 16. 8% of Canadians use marijuana on a regular basis, this is a very negative finding.Even if marijuana is only one dinky factor which contributes with many other factors to the chance of a psychotic disorder, then having this many people partaking could ontogenesis the number of psychotic disorders in Canada by quite a bit. We also know that a very large part of teenagers use cannabis as a friendly activity, and when used frequently for long periods of time these teenagers could develop psychotic disorders early on in life, making it difficult for them to contribute to our society to their full potential. On the other hand however marijuana could possibly give some positive to our society as well.In an earlier study conducted by Myerscough and Taylor (1985), the aggression levels of thirty male college students were examined while under the influence of either a light, medium, or heavy dose of marijuana. Since the U. S. government released Reefer rabies in 1936, it h as been in question whether marijuana really does drive people crazy and amps up their aggression. The subjects were given(p) either a low, medium, or high dose of marijuana then were sat in cubicle which corresponded with the booth of another participant.They were told that by pressing on one of eleven buttons they could choose the intensity of an galvanizing shock that would be administered to their corresponding subject and vice versa. The person who completed this task faster would not be administered the shock but would find out what level of shock the other had picked for him. When the participants would see the aggressiveness of the others choices and receive shocks they would perhaps become more aggressive themselves. In concluding the info they had gathered showed that people in the low dose group tended to respond more aggressively than those in the mid to high level groups.Those participants in the high dose group were for the most part non-aggressive passim the ent ire experiment. These findings indicate that when people are on marijuana they tend to be more unruffled and relaxed, and less easily aggravated. This could benefit many people by helping to ease stress. It could also help to lessen the aggravation behind many acts of crime, and violence in our society. Unfortunately we could not really use these findings to our advantage because we are unable to control who does what, and when. This does help shed some light on the benefits marijuana could have for our society.Conclusion The mainstream use of marijuana as a party drug or social tool in our society has started to get out of hand. Adults and teenagers alike take part in this illicit habit, but what are the consequences. As we see throughout this paper marijuana causes deficits in the neurological processes of adults by making the brain work harder to accomplish certain tasks. Also in teenagers the mental processes of memory, spatial working, attention, and learning were slowed by t he frequent use of marijuana and showed deficits that could be worsened with time.It has also been shown here that marijuana could be a causal factor in the development of psychotic disorders. Though all of these experiments and research show how marijuana negatively influences people in our society there are many discrepancies in the research done on marijuana, and some do show no negativities whatsoever. Though the limited and controversial selective information we have on marijuanas effect on psychological processes is incomplete, it is hard to say if it will have a lasting negative impression, however we know that marijuana is not having any usable positive effects on our society.