The Impact Of Discrimination, Labelling And Stigma

This essay will demonstrate my understanding of the impact of discrimination, labelling and stigma has on mental health people in health and social care. It has been documented that there are certain people who are stigmatized and mental health people often have a negative stereotype (Nordt et al., 2006). This negativity will often deter the mental health individuals to seek the help and medical treatment that they need due to the fear of stigmatisation and labelling. Literature highlights that stigma, labelling and discrimination are linked together emphasizing and legitimizing each other (Wood and Anggleton 2010). Wood and Aggleton (2010) state that their indicators are diverse and they are happening in communities, families, in†¦show more content†¦There is a supposition that criminality is a social label beside with the establishment of law which are made by powerful individuals and applied on vulnerable people without power (Burke 2002). This include individuals with mental health illness and the implications with criminal justice adds to their life difficulties (Schulze, 2007). Studies have highlighted the significant complications faced by individuals with mental health issues who are involved in a criminal justice, such as challenges to access mental health facilities both through their imprisonment, when they are discharged and when entering into the community (Baillargeon et al., 2010; Sartorius, 2002 and Schulze, 2007). Moreover, the lack of mental health facilities for individuals involved in criminal justice has been widely documented (Nord et al., 2006; Sartorius, 2002; Schulze, 2007). Mallik et al., (2008) and Smith et al.,(2011) state that individuals with mental illness will find the transition to and from criminal justice settings very stressful and the services available in prisons are often inadequate and unpredictable. Indeed, the literature findings on lack of facilities for mental health individuals strengthen Burke’s (2002) view on the design of the justice system which suggests that the system penalizes individuals who are less dominant and less powerful members ofShow MoreRelatedSociological Research On Physical Disability1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe labelling theory are the actions of individuals who are labelled or seen as deviant. The theorist Becker suggests labelling theories which is to look beyond by just the norm-breaking act but instead focuses on how society view people who are deemed as deviant in this case physically disabled and reactions from society whether it is good or bad. Physical disability is when a person lost full or partial loss of their bodily functions. Labelling perspective is still relevant in our society and forRead MoreEffects On Psychological Health When Labelled With Chronic Illness1022 Words   |  5 PagesImpact on psychological health when labelled with chronic illness eg. stigma So my topic was how psychological health was affected when someone was labelled with a chronic illness. More specifically stigma associated with chronic illness and how it could impact Ivan due to his conditions. When someone is suffering or living with a chronic illness it can have a huge impact on them psychologically and socially. Chronic Illness is a condition that is prolonged in duration, usually more than 3 monthsRead MoreLabeling Of An Illness Or Disability From A Medical Professional1467 Words   |  6 PagesLabelling can occur by diagnosis of an illness or disability from a medical professional, to avoid labels The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is used. The DSM contains the symptoms of mental illness in order to ensure the correct diagnosis. Labels can also be applied to individuals that are considered different from others in the community by behaviour or personal qualities. To avoid this in psychological scientific writing The American Psychological Association (APA)Read MoreStigma And Labelling Within Healthcare2461 Words   |  10 PagesThe issue of stigma and labelling within healthcare is one in which a lot of discussion has occurred. Stigma in dicates a collection of usually negative attitudes, beliefs, thoughts and behaviours that may influence the way individuals see themselves or even the publics perception of them. This may cause the public to fear, reject, avoid and discriminate against the individual (Gary, 2005). To label an individual in society as different or deviant applies a stigma (Goffman, 1963) Labelling as a theoryRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1599 Words   |  7 Pagesmisconceptions about mental illness known as â€Å"stigma†. Therefore, mental illness results not only in the difficulties arising from the symptoms of the disorder but also in the negative attitudes and beliefs that motivates the people to fear, reject, avoid and exclusion of people with mental illness. Some people with mental illness could lose self confidence, accept the prejudices and may also turn them against themselves. This is referred to as ‘self-stigma’, loosening the confidence of the person sufferingRe ad MoreMental Health Issues: What ´s Stigma? 3355 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction The aim of this literature review is to examine stigma as an influential factor on help seeking behaviours for young adults with mental health issues. The terms stigma has been present and utilised first by the Greeks, who used the term to describe a marking which signified something unusual or corrupt about a person’s moral status (Goffman 1968, Davis 2006). It has been further modernised in Erving Goffman’s (1963) ‘’Stigma, Notes of the management of spoiled identity’’ but has largelyRead Moreessay of mental health stigma1806 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿INTRODUCTION Stigma can be expressed in various term, it can be a brand, labelling or identification. It is a differentiation of a person resulting to a boundary between â€Å"us† and â€Å"them† (Link and Phelan 2001). These affect consumers in a way they are discriminated and treated differently because they have mental illness. The effect of stigma can take away the rights of consumers who are suffering from mental illness causing social dilemmas (SANE Australia 2013). A survey shows 74% of consumersRead MoreStigma And Its Effects On Society Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe term stigma was originally described by Goffman as a devalued or undesirable social attribute that arouses negative feelings and subsequently causes the individual to become side-lined or excluded from social relationships (Goffman, 1963). Stigma involves â€Å"exclusion, rejection, blame, or devaluation resulting from experience or reasonable anticipation of an adverse social judgment† because of a particular condition (Weiss and Ramakrishna, 2006 pg 536). According to Link and Phelan (2001) pgRead MoreGraded Unit Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesthan others and reminds her of when she was using drugs. It is well evidenced that people who have both; history of drug use and disease which can be sexually transmitted such is HCV, are likely to experience stigma and discrimination in their life (Gilman 1999).Stigma and discrimination are socioeconomic factors which have a damaging health, social and financial consequences (Nursing Standard 2008). It is believed that those who are stigmatised and discriminated are more likely to have a lowerRead MoreThe Stigma of Madness Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesMany people hold opposing views when it comes to defining what madness is and their attitudes towards it, which in turn makes the labelling of madness to become problematic. According to Foucault madness is ‘a complex social phenomenon’ (Foucault, 2001), suggesting that different definitions relate to particular periods in history and that the classical period represented a key moment in time when attitudes towards madness shifted (SparkNotes Editors, n.d). Madness is define d in various different

My Interview Is The Mother Of Two And Is Pregnant With Her...

My interview is with a very close of mine her name is Diane. Diane is the mother of two and is currently pregnant with her third child. I asked Diane to please explain to me what were the difficulties and her experiences with her first pregnancy? Diane expressed that she was exceptionally young when she had her first child. She had morning sickness consistently for the initial three months. It was very difficult for her to continue her education since she was so sick. Diane decided to drop out of high school till she brought forth her child. She experienced transportation issues to travel back and forth to her appointment. I inquired if she encountered any other experiences or complications? Was she moody, happy or sad during her pregnancy? Diane expressed that she was truly terrified and stressed all through the entire pregnancy as she had no support from the baby’s father. Likewise, her parents gave her a really hard time because she was so young and pregnant. They made her feel very uncomfortable as if she did something wrong. Through her entire pregnancy, she was depressed and very anxious. She expressed to me that she felt extremely relieved once she gave birth since she realized that the baby would love her and she would care for the baby. I inquired whether she was able to speak to a counselor regarding her depression during her pregnancy? She expressed that the health center where she was being treated gave her the support that she needed to feel more at ease withShow MoreRelatedPregnancy Is An Event Of A Woman Life That Brings Pure Joy And Excitement1520 Words   |  7 Pagespregnancy her body is physically changing, along with a cascade of emotions. Every pregnancy in a woman’s life is highly individualized. Pregnancy can range from completely normal to various complication, both maternal and fetal complications. The patient I interviewed gave birth to a healthy baby girl, and she couldn’t be more excited. She had a wonderful bi rthing experience, this was her 3rd child and she agreed that all of her pregnancies were completely different. When I interviewed my patientRead MoreMy Mother Has Had Three Pregnancies Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesAlice Silveira, my mother has had three pregnancies. Her eldest is a boy, who is almost twenty-three, her middle child is a girl, who is nineteen, and her youngest boy is seventeen. I will be discussing her last pregnancy, which was with my brother, Izake, the now seventeen-year-old. During this pregnancy, she had numerous complications and she believed that it was far from a typical, â€Å"healthy† pregnancy. One day while washing the dishes, she suddenly stopped and had the urge to eat green fruit.Read MoreBirth Control And Educational Programs1430 Words   |  6 Pagesyoung parents as early as fifteen years old. In 2014, approximately 24 young women out of a thousand got pregnant from the ages of 15-19. 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Enrique faced gangsters, bandits and corrupt police officers when he was in the train called â€Å"El Tren de la Muerte†. The only thing that he was carrying was his mother’s phone number. But Enrique never gave up. Enrique’s courage, hope and help from strangers make him achieved his goal†¦ meet with his mother. Summary Enrique’s Journey chronicles the lifeRead MoreThe Charity Bowery By Lydia Maria Child1650 Words   |  7 PagesCharity Bowery by Lydia Maria Child, Child is retelling a story of an aged colored woman, Charity Bowery, from New York. In Bowery’s story she says, â€Å"Sixteen children I’ve had, first and last; and twelve I’ve nursed for my mistress. From the time my first baby was born, I always set my heart upon buying freedom for some of my children. I thought it was of more consequence to them than to me; for I was old, and used to being a slave. But mistress McKinley wouldn’t let me have my children. One after another

Volgograd, Ohio Essay Example For Students

Volgograd, Ohio Essay On June 13, the New Experimental Theatre of Volgograd, Russia, opens a Russian-language version of A Streetcar Named Desire at the Cleveland Play House. By then, the Milwaukee Repertory Theater will have just closed a revival of Our Town at the Omsk State Drama Theatre in Siberia. At the joint behest of the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Moscow Arts Theatre, playwright Richard Nelson and his Russian partner Alexander Gehlman will be in the midst of final rewrites on their collaborative piece about the attempted Moscow coup that almost toppled perestroika. And Bob Leonard of the Road Company in Johnson City, Tenn. will probably be still wishing he had enough money to propel him and his small theatre expeditiously to Ufa Bashkiria, where they have recently been invited to perform. These days, it seems that press releases for almost every regional theatre in the country sport headlines about the coming and going of Russians. Local news cameras in numerous cities follow amazed Russian actors around American department stores as they nervously clutch gift certificates from their publicity-hungry sponsors. Local critics on the theatre beat keep interpreters busy as they write a succession of similar articles about the differences between over there and over here. In an Americans Russia, it seems, huge companies of dedicated but inflexible actors have jobs for life, respect their totalitarian directors (except when theyve left town) and fill their massive theatres with young people paying affordable prices. Promised accommodations for worried visiting Americans may or may not materialize. In a Russians America, there is double casting out of New York, corporate sponsorship, computerized equipment, aging subscribers and perhaps a few more empty seats. But the food, hotel rooms and shopping are great. Even in the most frozen days of the cold war, artists from the former Soviet Union were trickling over to American regional theatres. Back in 1977, Galina Volchek of the Sovremennik Theatre of Moscow came to Houston to stage Mikhail Roschins Echelon with American actors. Her visit to the Alley Theatre, which enjoyed the backing of the Soviet Ministry of Culture, marked the first time a Russian had been invited to a regional theatre to stage a play precisely as it had previously appeared in the Soviet Union. But it was the signing of the General Exchanges agreement in 1985 that brought about the first major wave of joint theatrical endeavors with the former U.S.S.R. Mark Lamos of Hartford Stage Company became the first American to direct an American play in the Soviet Union when he helmed Desire Under the Elms at Moscows Pushkin Theatre in 1986, becoming a serious Russian celebrity in the process. The Pushkins Yuri Yeremihn returned the favor by directing a highly visible production of Alexsandr Chervinskys The Paper Gramophone at Hartford Stage in early 1989. Assorted American international theatre festivals invited Russians to participate in the late 80s, and other directors (including Nagle Jackson and Des McAnuff) followed Lamoss trek eastwards. Now that the last vestiges of political opposition have completely disintegrated, the scale of exchanges in the 90s has become much larger. The Alleys 1990 production of Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf? played in Lithuania and at the Maly Theatre in what is now St. Petersburg. Around 50 actors from Omsk came all the way to Wisconsin to present Yuri Kims Moscow Kitchens last fall, bringing in $70,000 in single-ticket sales in a one-week stand at Milwaukees Pabst Theatre. And 30-odd Russians will be in Cleveland for three weeks in June presenting Nikolai Erdmans long-censored farce The Suicide, as well as Play House artistic director Josephine Abadys direct-from-Volgograd staging of Streetcar to Ohioans who have been told to expect the least Brandoesque Stanley imaginable. .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 , .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 .postImageUrl , .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 , .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5:hover , .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5:visited , .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5:active { border:0!important; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5:active , .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5 .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2564e24dca2a1c729eecb380f54bbbe5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The rehearsal of Martin Guerre EssayEspecially now that everyone seems to be doing it, what do such expensive exchanges achieve beyond impressive P.R.? These financially strapped times, after all, find many American theatres struggling to make operating costs, and Russian theatres worrying who or what will replace the government subsidies that have, by most accounts, all but dried up. Are there alternatives to simply swapping productions? The International Theatre Institutes Martha Coigney argues that these traumatic times in the Eastern bloc are making theatres there fragile, and the real challenge for Americans is to offer aid while staying afloat themselves. The former Soviet theatres are bereft; they are facing whole different ways of working, she says. I get desolate when I think that the U.S. is not going to pay attention. Coigney finds it ironic that American exchanges are so popular with Russian theatres, when they probably should be looking to Western Europe. Other Americans share her discomfort at their country being used as a shining example of how to treat the theatre. We have the most unenlightened cultural policies on the globe, says Philip Arnoult of the Baltimore Theatre Project. What do we have to tell the Russians other than that they are looking too far west? Larry Sacharow of Woodstock, N.Y.s River Arts Repertory concurs: We should definitely not be a cultural model. That does not mean, however, that exchanges have no value. For one thing, American companies find them surprisingly fundable. Milwaukee has persuaded a slew of corporations to help support its visit to Siberia. And Clevelands Abady, who has found it difficult to persuade local corporations to finance the Play Houses regular offerings, had little trouble signing people up for a visible project like the Volgograd exchange. One attribute that most American regional theatres have aplenty is management expertise, and there is considerable interest in exchanging management ideas with newly needy Russian theatres, instead of just productions. Last fall, 10 directors from ex-Soviet countries toured Tennessee theatres including the Road Company. Anton German, business manager of the Maly Theatre, spent time at the Alley last December, picking Texas brains. Led by Milwaukees Sara OConnor, NEA Theater Program head Ben Cameron and administrators from San Diegos Old Globe, the Manhattan Theatre Club and the Philadelphia Drama Guild found their way to Siberia the same month to discuss issues of repertoire, community relations, employment practices and styles of management. OConnor says the gathering was the first such conference originated not by the White House or Kremlin, but by working theatre people trying to solve problems. Americas theatres have also been exploring how new Russian writers can be encouraged. According to Otar Djangisherashvili of Volgograd, the disruptive effect of the political collapse is decimating the repertoire, which is why he is bringing a 1928 play to Cleveland. Writers who used to conform to the system have experienced utter death, he says through an interpreter. New writers are still in search of their footing. Sacharow has launched a project that aims to provide precisely that, using funding from the USIA and the Trust for Mutual Understanding. The director has paired American playwrights like Len Jenkin and Emily Mann with Russian writers with similar interests, in the hope that the scribes will adapt each others plays and provide mutual encouragement. The grant provides for each writer in the scheme to travel to the others country, once each. Sacharow is anxious to help the Russian theatres make the transition from living underground newspaper to commentator on the brave new world. He expects the benefits to be mutual. Weve got a lot to learn from the Russians in terms of their sense of theatre from the heart, he says. And its a lot easier to get a new play produced over there than it is here. .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 , .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 .postImageUrl , .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 , .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0:hover , .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0:visited , .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0:active { border:0!important; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0:active , .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0 .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8bdf5fab81bb30d7d82a9c4701c3bcd0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reynolds Price: on writing for performance EssayThe Cleveland and Volgograd exchange has been dubbed Full Circle, as it will mark the first Russian theatre production directed by an American to be produced back in the U.S. The same two words are perhaps an apt description of the present state of Russian theatre, as it suffers the pain of reinventing itself and persuading what Djangisherashvili calls the rising entrepreneurial class that the art form is worthy of its full support. If it is successful, there will be a lot to tell envious Americans on future visits. For now, Abady is adamant that full-scale exchanges are more important than ever. They point out to the governm ent of Russia the ability of the arts to create commerce, she says. And they show our government that the arts can be a leader.

Top 15 Universities for Communications Major by Salary Potential

Communication is a strong and much desired field in the workforce, but not very many students think to major in the subject. Communications is a broad term that covers public relations, crisis management, marketing, strategy, and even journalism. There are many job prospects that students can go into if they choose to study communications for the undergraduate degree. It may come down to the fact that not all universities offer the major, like Yale, Princeton and Georgetown for example. Many universities offer similar fields of study like journalism and media studies instead. So, if communication sounds like something you can potentially be interested in, do your research and find out what universities off it in their departments and which do not. PayScale, an online compensation information company, published their findings earlier this year and here’s a list of the top 15 university for communications major* by potential salary: *Note, this list do not include the salaries of individuals who pursued another degree after their undergraduate degree in computer science. 1. University of California - Berkeley 0-5 years experience: $59,800 10+ experience: $120,000 2. New York University 0-5 years experience: $49,100 10+ experience: $107,000 3. San Jose State University 0-5 years experience: $56,400 10+ experience: $105,000 4. Boston College 0-5 years experience: $54,500 10+ experience: $99,400 5. Ithaca College 0-5 years experience: $54,800 10+ experience: $98,800 6. University of California - Santa Barbara 0-5 years experience: $49,100 10+ experience: $94,800 7. University of Washington 0-5 years experience: $48,900 10+ experience: $93,900 8. Syracuse University 0-5 years experience: $49,000 10+ experience: $93,700 9. Fashion Institute of Technology - NY 0-5 years experience: $45,700 10+ experience: $93,300 10. Northern Arizona University 0-5 years experience: $40,100 10+ experience: $93,000 11. University of Southern California 0-5 years experience: $49,300 10+ experience: $92,700 12. University of Cincinnati 0-5 years experience: $39,400 10+ experience: $43,400 13. Brigham Young University 0-5 years experience: $43,400 10+ experience: $89,500 14. University of Texas - Austin 0-5 years experience: $44,900 10+ experience: $89,400 15. James Madison University 0-5 years experience: $54,100 10+ experience: $92,000 Not sure if you want to study computer science yet? Do some research and browse our database of 60,000+successful college application filesto see what students similar to you are studying!

Translatory

Translatory Translatory Translatory By Maeve Maddox This reader’s question relates to the word translatory. Before writing, he looked it up:    Merriam-Webster definition: â€Å"of, relating to, or involving uniform motion in one direction.† Nothing about its clear parallel, translate. The Free Dictionary lists â€Å"translatory as an adjective under its entry for translation. Oxford does not appear to list it as a word at all – at least via online search. Translational is likely the correct adjective to use when discussing a translation, although translatory has been used to mean translational (e.g., ‘the translatory pen of William Tyndale’).    Ah, the ongoing battle of the dictionaries. The Merriam-Webster Unabridged I pay for has an entry for translatory, but no definition, just a link to translational. The OED I use via subscription does have an entry for translatory: â€Å"of or pertaining to physical translation† and offers this example from 1849: â€Å"The negative tension of an insulated metal is sensibly augmented by giving a translatory motion to the gas which attacks its surface.† M-W has a separate entry for â€Å"translatory motion†: â€Å"motion in which all points of a moving body move uniformly in the same line or direction.† No example of usage is offered. The short answer to the reader’s question is that some speakers may use translatory in reference to translating languages, but translational is the more common adjective in that context. A cursory search of the Web brought up two uses of translatory in reference to the translation of language, both from non-native English-speaking sources: The  master’s programmeprovides in-depth knowledge of (foreign) languages and translatory skills acquired in the bachelor’s programme.- University of Graz (Austria). [Some translators] failing to see the larger context or the  translatory  action at work.- Literary Translation in Modern Iran: A sociological study, by Esmaeil Haddadian-Moghaddam. A search for â€Å"translatory† on Google brings up the admonitory message: â€Å"Did you mean translator?† and Word flags the word translatory with a squiggly red line. The words translate, translator and translation have different meanings in different contexts. For me, a translation is a text written in a language other than the original, and a translator is someone who renders a work written in one language into another. In another context, a translator is a transmitter that rebroadcasts the signals of a distant TV station to rural areas: In 1973, the construction of a network of transmitters and translators connected by microwave relay was approved by the state legislature. Another meaning of translate is â€Å"To change in form, appearance, or substance.† Peter Quince uses the word with this meaning in A Midsummer Night’s Dream when, like Snount, he reacts to the sight of Bottom with an ass’s head: SNOUT: O Bottom, thou art changed! What do I see on thee? BOTTOM: What do you see? You see an ass head of your own, do you? QUINCE: Bless thee, Bottom, bless thee. Thou art translated. Translatory has its uses, but it is not the conventional choice in the context of language translation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesDeck the HallsHow to Style Legislative Terms

DLL and ActiveX Controls From a Delphi Application

DLL and ActiveX Controls From a Delphi Application A popular feature of Delphi  is the project deployment of an application with an executable file (exe).   However, if the DLL or ActiveX controls in your project are not registered on the users’ machines, an â€Å"EOleSysError† will be displayed in response to running the exe file.  To avoid this, use the regsvr32.exe command-line tool. RegSvr32.exe Command Manually using regsvr32.exe (Windows.Start - Run) will register and unregister self-registerable   DLL and ActiveX controls on a system. Regsvr32.exe instructs the system to attempt to load the component and call its DLLSelfRegister function. If this attempt is successful, Regsvr32.exe displays a dialog indicating success. RegSvr32.exe has the following command-line options:   Regsvr32 [/u] [/s] [/n] [/i[:cmdline]] dllname /s - Silent; display no message boxes /u - Unregister server /i - Call DllInstall passing it an optional [cmdline]; when used with /u calls dll uninstall /n - do not call DllRegisterServer; this option must  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   be used with /i   Call RegSvr32.exe Within Delphi code To call the regsvr32 tool within Delphi code, use the â€Å"RegisterOCX† function to execute a file and wait for the execution to finish. This is how the RegisterOCX procedure could look: procedure RegisterOCX; type TRegFunc function : HResult; stdcall; var ARegFunc : TRegFunc; aHandle : THandle; ocxPath : string; begin try ocxPath : ExtractFilePath(Application.ExeName) Flash.ocx; aHandle : LoadLibrary(PChar(ocxPath)); if aHandle 0 then begin ARegFunc : GetProcAddress(aHandle,DllRegisterServer); if Assigned(ARegFunc) then begin ExecAndWait(regsvr32,/s ocxPath); end; FreeLibrary(aHandle); end; except ShowMessage(Format(Unable to register %s, [ocxPath])); end; end; Note: the ocxPath variable points to the Flash.ocx Macromedia OCX. To be able to register itself, an OCX must implement the DllRegisterServer function to create registry entries for all the classes inside the control. Do not worry about the DllRegisterServer function, just make sure it is there. For the sake of simplicity, it is presumed that the OCX is located in the same folder as where the application is. The ExecAndWait line in the above code calls the regsvr32 tool by passing the /s switch along with the full path to the OCX. The function is ExecAndWait. uses shellapi; ... function ExecAndWait(const ExecuteFile, ParamString : string): boolean; var SEInfo: TShellExecuteInfo; ExitCode: DWORD; begin FillChar(SEInfo, SizeOf(SEInfo), 0); SEInfo.cbSize : SizeOf(TShellExecuteInfo); with SEInfo do begin fMask : SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS; Wnd : Application.Handle; lpFile : PChar(ExecuteFile); lpParameters : PChar(ParamString); nShow : SW_HIDE; end; if ShellExecuteEx(SEInfo) then begin repeat Application.ProcessMessages; GetExitCodeProcess(SEInfo.hProcess, ExitCode); until (ExitCode STILL_ACTIVE) or Application.Terminated; Result:True; end else Result:False; end; The ExecAndWait function uses the ShellExecuteEx API call to execute a file on a system. For more examples of executing any file from Delphi, check out how to execute and run applications and files from Delphi code. Flash.ocx Inside Delphi Exe If there is a need to register an ActiveX control on ​the user’s machine, then make sure the user has the OCX the program requires by placing the entire ActiveX (or DLL) inside the application’s exe as a resource. When the OCX is stored inside the exe, it is easy to extract, save to disk, and call the RegisterOCX procedure.

Research Issues in Human Resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Research Issues in Human Resource - Essay Example "Bullying usually includes acts or verbal comments that could mentally hurt or isolate a person in the workplace and it has been described as the assertion through aggression" (CCOHS) Bullying has its adverse effects on the individual as well as the work place. Workplace bullying always poses multiple challenges to the HR professionals in dealing with their occurrences. HR Management always includes Workplace bullying prevention programs aimed to safeguard the potential victims of bullying. Such prevention programmes require the commitment from the management as an important component. In this context this paper attempts to present a detailed account of the challenges being faced by the HR professionals in dealing with bullying at work. An academic definition of Workplace Bulling as provided by Einarsen et al reads "Bullying at work means harassing, offending, socially excluding someone or negatively affecting someone's work tasks. In order for the label bullying (or mobbing) to be applied to a particular activity, interaction or process it has to occur repeatedly and regularly (e.g. weekly) and over a period of time (e.g. about six months)." Bullying is considered an ongoing process of abuse during which the person subjected to bullying becomes weak and inferior in feeling by becoming the victim of negative social act. It may be noted that an isolated event cannot be characterized as bullying. Similarly when the parties involved in the conflict are of equal strength the act can not be termed as bullying. (Einarsen et al 2003:15) The International Labour Organisation has defined the work place violence that bullying. The definition goes like "any incident in which a person is abused, threatened or assaulted in circ umstances relating to their work. These behaviors would originate from customers, co-workers at any level of the organization. This definition would include all forms or harassment, bullying, intimidation, physical threats/assaults, robbery and other intrusive behaviors." (Canada Safety Council)It is observed that workplace bullying is found to be more prevalent in work places than other disorderly behaviours like sexual harassment and racial discrimination which are dealt with by legislative measures. It is often observed that when bullying at the work place takes place the victims usually receive the immediate focus to provide the support and no efforts are being taken to provide advise, guidance or support to those who has indulged in such bullying activities. According to a report published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) the employers usually train their HR managers in tacking issues related to workplace bullying. But the line managers are not provided with the necessary training in this regard. The report indicates that while 75 percent of the employers take efforts to train the HR managers to tackle the harassment to workers out of bullying only 55 percent of them provide such training to the line managers also. As per the 2004 research of the CIPD the conflicts relating to workplace bullying costs nearly 450 days of managements' time each year which is equivalent to the full working time of two managers. It was also estimated that the bullying related complains constituted

Johansen under the employment law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Johansen under the employment law - Case Study Example Johansen is protected under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As stated in Schultz, 45 because she is a female and, therefore, falls under ‘protected class’ and she applied for the job in the company having met all the required qualifications. These give her the ability to contest the reason for termination. Johansen’s right to sue cannot be waived regardless of the Arbitration/Mediation clause she had signed with the company. It is illegal to take away an individual’s right to sue in a court of law (Schultz 43). Furthermore, the close cannot be binding because Momma Mia misrepresented the contact in the first place. Johansen can seek remedy because her profile is tainted by the ‘guilty by association’ since she was involved in a publicized case. Her career was ruined by firing her and future employers may also decline to hire her by looking at her history as a whistle blower for the previous company. Since she is not the one who breached the contract, Johansen is entitled to the agreed contract fee for the five years amounting to $450,000; that is, $90,000/year for 5 years. Moreover, Momma Mia should cover all the court fees and costs. d entering into a contract with the company, since Momma Mia never disclosed the full nature of her services, which included client escort - something that went against her religious beliefs.

The Jew Store Essay Example for Free

The Jew Store Essay The Jew Store is a story written by a lady whose family moved to America from Russia in the early 1900s. The first moved to New York and then found their way down to the South. They finally ended up in Nashville as their first permanent residence. They would not last there very long though, as they ended up taking a chance moving to the northwest part of Tennessee in a city called Concordia. The family was of the Jewish decent. They first moved to New York because it was so heavily concentrated with Jews. At this time and period in America, I think Jews were looked down on heavily; maybe not as much as the African Americans, but definitely in that way. They were treated this way because they were not ‘Protestants’ or Gentiles. Especially when they moved down south, everyone knew that the new family coming through would be called the Jewish or the Jew family; it’s just how it was. The Bronson’s came to Nashville mainly to pursue their father’s dreams of becoming a businessman or store owner. But after arriving in Nashville, the Bronson’s were facing the realization that they would never have an opportunity to own a store in Nashville. And I would like to point out, in order to run these stores; the whole family must be involved. So, Mr. Bronson took a risk he had to take if he wanted to reach his dreams, and the family set out for Concordia, Tennessee. The first thing Mr. Bronson did when he got to Concordia was change his name to an American one. He changed his name to Avram(? ) to Aaron. He thought this would be a good idea because it would make him more acceptable within the community. Aaron was led a little bit into the adrift in my opinion. I think when he left Nashville, he thought he had an automatic store that was going to be given to him, but yet when he got there, he didn’t even have a place to call his own. When they first arrived in town, they had to stay at Miss Brookie’s house, and she was nice enough to let them stay free of pay. Miss Brookie might have been one of the only early people to step up and help out the Bronsons. Miss Brookie also had connections within the town. Her uncle, Tom Dillon, was a wealthy man who rented out stores or something of that nature. This was Mr. Bronson’s first contact within the city that could help him acquire a place for a store. Dillon wasn’t necessarily the most welcoming to Mr. Bronson. He knew that coming in, Bronson could give him problems and take customers away from him, so in the beginning; Mr. Bronson was already fighting an uphill battle. The Bronson’s finally came up with enough to buy a house of their own after staying with Miss Brookie for a while. When they made this move, the neighbors were very welcoming. They would participate in activities together such as gardening and painting. As partial as the community was to the Bronson’s when they first came into town, as time went along they became more accepted. People in the community were allowed to associate with them without being looked down upon. With that being said, there was still a bridge and gap between the Bronson’s and the community. People knew they were Jewish and were not Protestants, so this created a gap between them, especially on Sunday’s. Miriam, Stella’s(the author) older sister, always complained about how boring Sunday’s were. The Bronson’s were pretty much on their own on these days because the rest of the community spent their time at the church. When the Bronson’s first came into town, they knew they would have to compete with other stores for customers. With that being said, they decided to target an audience they knew would side with them. At this time, blacks and Jews were oft looked down upon, so Mr. Bronson thought that if he could attract the African American demographic that his business could thrive. So, this was definitely a way to separate themselves from the Protestants of this time. Many of the religious people only associated with blacks if they had one as a maid or something. The Bronson’s did not homeschool their kids or anything of that nature, so this exposed them to the Protestants in Concordia. I think it was important for them to send their kids to school in public, because this is where they got some of their customers. Their kids’ friends’ parents ended up coming to their store. Even though at first the Bronson’s faced an uphill battle at the beginning, by the time they were about to leave Concordia, they were well accepted throughout the community. Mr. Bronson helped out this community more than it could have ever imagined. Before they left, Mr. Bronson was the lead guy in heading up the fundraiser to help keep the local shoe factory open. He agreed to match anybody’s money offer penny for penny. And just a reminder, this was a guy who was looked down upon after he moved into this city. I think this helped started bridging the gap between Jews and Protestants. This family was a nice family that worked that just wanted to succeed. And they were willing to do a lot of things to do that. I am going to go out on a limb and say that if a Protestant family had entered a community with these types of circumstances they might never have prevailed. So, by giving this generous gift of money to the town, I think the Protestants realized that maybe these people were ‘Jewish,’ but that they just wanted well for everyone. An incident involving Miriam occurred around the time she was five years old. She might have been in the school systems, but I know she was with people of her age. They were at a Presbyterian church and the leader asked her where she went to church. She ended up trying to pronounce Presbyterian properly, but the point is she had no idea what they were asking. I think this community was very insecure about this Jewish family coming to their town. They did not know how to react to them. I don’t know if they thought they may or may not try to come in and convert them, but I do know one lady from the town said â€Å"Once a Jew, always a Jew. † To me this means they(the community) were trying to set an example that no matter what they did, they would not fully be a member of the community since they weren’t Protestants. The Bronson’s put up a good fight, but I still think people looked down on them just because they were Jewish. There was also another time when Myriam or Stella went to church with one of her friends. It was to a Methodist institution to witness the baptism of a newborn baby. I do not think Mrs. Bronson was aware that Stella was going to an actual church service. She told Stella to only go to Sunday school. This was sort of confusing to me, because I figured Mrs. Bronson would be all out one way or the other. But by letting one of her daughters go to church, it could have exposed her. The final straw for Mrs. Bronson in Concordia was Myriam about marrying a Gentile. One of the first friends they met when they moved to Concordia was T, who also had a brother. But as Myriam was becoming more and more serious with T, Mrs. Bronson started sweating more and more. She did not want her daughter to marry a non-Jew. With the threat of this rising, she immediately recommended the Bronson’s move back to New York so Myriam would not be able to marry a non-Jew. And that they did, the Bronson’s packed up and left. Their time in Tennessee was well made and they made a lot of progressions, but in the end their religion made them move back. The fear of one of Mrs. Bronson’s daughters marrying out of religion was too much for her. So, this was the biggest step they took to separate themselves from Protestantism. I think the Bronson’s had it the toughest of all out of the three books I read. In the other two books, Muslims in America and The Madonna of 115th Street, these people came over together as a mass and usually lived in communities together. These were tight knit communities that bonded together and wanted to see one another succeed. The Bronson’s on the other hand, went into a new community by themselves and came out a pretty successful and well respected family. They had nobody to lean with the exception of very few people such as Miss Brookie. The Muslims and Catholics on the other hand had a whole community to fall back on. They also faced adversity of a whole city, but I would take that route any day of the week. Also, what I have perceived from reading these three books. Americans like doing it their way. They don’t like having other people come in and do things contradictory to them. Americans like surrounding themselves with people who agree with them and like them. That is their comfort zone, and I think at a time like now in America, tensions are higher than ever because of all the surrounding circumstances that go against what we believe in.

Deceit and Betrayal in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays

Deceit and Betrayal in Shakespeare's Macbeth Shakespeare's play "Macbeth" is considered one of his great tragedies. The play fully uses plot, character, setting, atmosphere, diction and imagery to create a compelling drama. The general setting of Macbeth is tenth and eleventh century Scotland. The play is about a once loyal and trusted noble of Scotland who, after a meeting with three witches, becomes ambitious and plans the murder of the king. After doing so and claiming the throne, he faces the other nobles of Scotland who try to stop him. In the play, Macbeth faces an internal conflict with his opposing decisions. On one hand, he has to decide of he is to assassinate the king in order to claim his throne. This would result in his death for treason if he is caught, and he would also have to kill his friend. On the other hand, if he is to not kill him, he may never realize his ambitious dreams of ruling Scotland. Another of his internal struggles is his decision of killing his friend Banquo. After hiring murderers to kill him, Macbeth begins to see Banquo's ghost which drives him crazy, possibly a result of his guilty conscience. Macbeth's external conflict is with Macduff and his forces trying to avenge the king and end Macbeth's reign over Scotland. One specific motif is considered the major theme, which represents the overall atmosphere throughout the play. This motif is "fair is foul and foul is fair." In the first scene of the first act, three witches plan their next meeting in which they will encounter Macbeth. It is in this scene that the motif is first presented, as the tree witches chant, "Fair is foul, and foul is fair, hover through the fog and filthy air" (1.1.11-12). The witches meet again in scene three of act one. One of the witches discusses a curse she has placed on a woman's husband, because she refused to share her food. This display of evil powers and spitefulness, suggests that the witches may have some influence in the development of the motif. Macbeth enters during this scene along with Banquo, arriving from a victorious battle. He uses the motif to describe the day as "So foul and fair a day I have not seen" (1.3.38). When Macbeth encounters the witches, they give him two predictions. One is that he will become the thane of Cawdor, and then the king of Scotland.

Gerrymandering: United States House of Representatives and Election District Boundaries

Michael Effiom Prof. S. Sharifan Govt 2302-73058 March 4, 2013 Gerrymandering The main purpose of gerrymandering is to increase the number of legislative seats that can be won by the political party which is in charge of redrawing the district boundaries during that period of time, and to create â€Å"safe† seats for the party’s incumbent legislators which are seats in which the incumbent will always win re-election. Gerrymandering is the redrawing of election district boundaries to give an electoral advantage to a particular candidate or party. It has been recognized as a part of the American political landscape since 1812.The term derives from a redrawing of US Representative districts in Massachusetts before the 1812 elections, when Elbridge Gerry was governor. People said the district was reminiscent of a salamander and thus the term Gerry-mander was coined. The Constitution requires that representation in the House of Representatives be apportioned to states on the basis of population. So, every ten years we count up the number of people living in each state and making sure that each state gets at least one House member, divide up the rest of the seats among the states equally.States with large populations get a bigger amount of house seats smaller states get just the one. A variety of Supreme Court cases, however, have applied the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause to the process of drawing legislative districts resulting in a requirement that each district have roughly the same population. So after each Census, states and localities have to redraw their district lines to ensure that the districts are roughly equal. This process redrawing of district lines has been blamed for almost every problem in American politics. The redistricting process therefore became a target for political reformers.In 2008, Californians enacted Prop. 11 and created the Citizens Redistricting Commission (CRC). State legislators would no longer be able to pick their own constituents. An independent commission would be in charge of drawing the lines for the Assembly and Senate. In 2010, the CRC’s mandate was expanded to include House districts as well. The party in control of redistricting can weaken its opposition by â€Å"packing† or â€Å"cracking†. Packing is to concentrate as many voters of the opposition party into a single electoral district to reduce their influence in voting in other districts.In some cases, this may be done to obtain representation for a community of common interest thus creating i. e. a minority group (Blacks or Hispanics) what is called a majority-minority district. Cracking is the spreading out of opposition voters across numerous â€Å"safe† districts which will dilute their voting percentage and its effect on the outcome. If representatives are required to be residents of their districts, redistricting may redraw the boundary to exclude his/her house, or draw them into a d istrict where they will lose the next election.Gerrymandering is a very serious problem. Effective gerrymanders can have significant policy implications. In California, for example, it makes a difference whether there are 23 or 24 Republicans in the Senate. If there are 23, Republicans can’t stop Democratic efforts to raise taxes. If there are 24, Republicans can. By pre-determining election outcomes, gerrymandering makes actual voting less consequential, and therefore it should discourage voter turnout, but because of a lack of awareness on the subject voter turnout is not significantly affected.Any variations in voter turnout mostly depend on voter age, income, education, race and ethnicity. Since ballots include many races for offices in various regions, some of which may genuinely be closely-contested, one or two â€Å"foregone conclusions† on the ballot will not diminish voter interest in other races. An effective way of combating gerrymandering is to follow the e xample of California and enact something similar to prop. 11 which will give the responsibility of redrawing the district line to independent non-partisan groups.This will remove partisan machinations from the drawing process and remove the unfair advantage that incumbents have over challengers to their seats. Sources Cited * Humphreys. M. 2009. â€Å"Can compactness constrain the Gerrymander? † http://www. columbia. edu/~mh2245/papers1/gerry. pdf * Smith, Kieth. â€Å"On Gerrymandering and Its Effects. † Web log post. Political Science at University of the Pacific. Pacificpoliticalscience. wordpress. com, 2 Nov. 2011. Web. 04 Mar. 2013.

Education Girls

High bride price and low intellectual capabilities Girls are a source of instant wealth, therefore, are retained at home for bride price. Research confirms that parents value most of their young girls like gold, coffee and other commodities to be traded at the immediate market value. They are only few and scarce that their value has soared recently. This is even worse around Ialibu area and some parts of Central Province. Some young girls can cost around K20 000. Women are used as the medium to achieve human prosperity.They facilitate for the channelling of wealth like pigs, shell money, pearls, food, modern money and other goods from one person or tribe to another. Poor families with many girls have the fate of becoming rich one day from the wealth that the girl would acquire through bride price payment. Thus, girls are reserved for marriage by their siblings. Some parents question the females’ intellectual capabilities and say they will not perform as well as the male studen ts.They say that males are naturally intelligent and can solicit solutions for academic problems quite easily than females. In the cultural arena, opinions and advice from women are not entertained by men in all forms of decision making. All decisions are based entirely on the men’s instincts as to what they think is right. Women are merely seen as trailers or followers. Investment in girls’ education lost to husbands at marriage Some parents say that their investment in their girls’ education will be lost to the girl’s husband at marriage.In the parochial cultural system, most parents’ fear that their resources spent on their daughter’s education will be shifted to the husband at marriage as she will be subject to the husband. The woman is equivalent to any asset the man may have, with no human value. Her value and worth is measured by the number of pigs she rears and the number of children she bears. There is no guarantee for her to go bac k and share the benefits of her education with her parents. Therefore, parents restrict their girls from attending school as their investment will be wasted.Moreover, parents do all the arrangements for their daughters’ marriage and this could happen while the girl is still at school. They can withdraw their daughter from school at any time, sometimes, without her knowledge. Whether or not the girl is doing well academically, she has to comply as it is embedded in the cultural and tribal jurisdictions and she will be coerced to marry. Girls, as pillars of local economy Girls are the backbone of the local economy. Therefore, parents retain them at home. Culturally, some societies perceive women as a utility asset to undertake all household chores.They fear that educated women will not listen to the dictates of men. They view education as an instrument that alienates women from their environment and makes them less submissive to the dictates of men. The continuation of men hold ing high positions in the traditional hierarchy is fading away as monetary value and those who work for money become more important because they gain respect in the society, irrespective of whether they are men or women. Men’s continuation of dominance in the society is facing a new threat by educated girls.Girls must be stopped from going to school and the existing cultural phenomena are potentially capable of barring girls from going to schools. Distance and tribal fights Parents fear for their girls’ safety and stop them from walking long distances to schools when there is a tribal fight. Most tribal fights are caused by land disputes, rape and payback killings and are fought on all frontiers without any truce to limit and control the scope of fighting. In such conditions, girls become vulnerable to being abused and injured when walking long distances to schools as some of the schools are situated in enemy territory.Walking through valleys, climbing gorges and mount ains, crossing fast flowing rivers or walking along bush tracks to reach their schools places them at the mercy of enemy clans. The only alternative is to leave school because their continued safety is not guaranteed. There is dire need for awareness to be carried out on the importance of equality and participation in education. Various stakeholders must fund a continuous intensive awareness program until people are fully aware on what to do to eradicate under-representation of girls in schools.Moreover, the educated elites must inform their parents not to stop girls from going to school. Parents must be told that girls are not commodities to be traded as currently, this is what is happening. Faith-based organisations should be supported to carry out awareness through their services and activities so that their congregations are informed of the disadvantages of denying girls their rights to education. Finally, it is everyone’s responsibility to carry out awareness by asking, pleading and informing parents to send their girls to school.There is a general perception in India that women in tribal societies face fewer restrictions than other women. For example, the National Commission for Women was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1990 to safeguard the rights and legal entitlements of women, through Sarva Sikshya Aviyan, up gradation of Primary Schools under SSA, New Residential Girl's High Schools/Educational Complexes, and Teaching in Tribal Language, Bicycles of ST Girls, and Scholarships to tribal women and Micro Projects etc.These reviews are the regions which raised the question to further study on this matter: A seminar on the tribal education in India (1967) organized by National Council of Educational Research and Training analysed the various aspects of tribal education like the educational facilities available, coverage, wastage and stagnation, basic problems of tribal education methods and voluntary agencies in the education of tribal people an d utilization of financial assistance.The Seminar made recommendations regarding aims, objectives and policy of tribal education, teacher's qualification, and medium of instruction, school facilities, text books and curriculum etc Educational attainment is a key component of children’s success as adults in multiple spheres – including the labor market and later childrearing. A child’s educational attainment is strongly influenced by characteristics of his/her parents, such as their own educational attainments, economic resources, and expectations.Attitudes and preferences regarding children’s educational attainment are important determinants of parents’ childrearing behavior. While much demographic research has focused on fertility preferences such as desired number of sons and daughters, less work has addressed â€Å"quality† preferences for boys and girls once they are born A range of basic socio-demographic factors shape parents’ a ttitudes toward the education of boys and girls in developing settings, including parents’ education, wealth, age, urban experience, and their own parents’ education.School attendance is likely to decrease children’s availability to contribute to family enterprises, potentially creating a serious tension, especially for families that could benefit from the short-run income provided by working children or that could suffer from the direct costs of educating children (Tan 1983; Chekki 1974). In environments where males have more job opportunities and higher wages, an attitude favoring higher levels of education for boys than to girls could reflect parental strategies regarding investments in the future.If so, parents with lower levels of economic security may express attitudes favoring more education for boys than girls, or less certainty regarding these attitudes. Increasingly, however, expansions of the industrial and service sectors replace household and farm l abor with paid wage labor for women and men. Accompanying these changes are increased access to educational opportunity, decreases in desired family sizes, and the promotion of more egalitarian views toward raising boys and girls.Ideas of investing in the â€Å"ideal† child spread, and childrearing is viewed as a rewarding and fulfilling undertaking in and of itself rather than as an economic investment or an inevitability. Together, these changes might influence parents’ attitudes toward the educational worth of boys and girls. CHILDREN’S EDUCATION IN SOUTH ASIA In South Asia, however, economics and modernization alone do not capture the full dynamic of parents’ attitudes toward children’s education.With South Asia’s primarily agrarian and patriarchal systems, these attitudes also reflect gender roles created by family structure, including the different nature of sons’ and daughters’ ties to natal family. The region’s p atrilineal and patrilocal kinship systems generate differential standards and expectations for girls and boys. Traditionally, a girl leaves her family upon marriage to join her husband’s family, and so her worth as a child is primarily in her labor contribution to the household (Das Gupta, Zhenghua, Bohua, Zhenming, Chung, and Hwa-Ok 2003).As an adult, her worth is as a source of children and labor for her husband and his family. In India, this trend is particularly true in the North, where women’s autonomy is more constrained, than in the South, where women have more freedom to maintain ties to their birth families (Das Gupta et al 2003). In Punjab, Pakistan, the most populous province of Pakistan, the situation mirrors aspects of both north and south India. As in north India, women in Punjab have limited inheritance rights, little access to economic resources, and few opportunities to work (Sathar and Kazi 2000).But as in south India, kin marriage and close natal fam ily ties ensure that women are not cut off from their birth families to the same extent as in north India (Jejeebhoy and Sathar 2001). Along with region, religion further influences gender roles as Muslim marriage patterns in north India and Pakistan are less alienating from natal kin than Hindu marriages (Mandelbaum 1986). In relation to women, men in South Asia are relatively freer to pursue employment and benefit their families as adults. In this analysis of parents’ attitudes toward boys’ and girls’ educational attainment, autonomy, natal family ties, and religion are all considered.

The Pursuit of Happyness Film Review Essay

The Pursuit of Happyness Film Review Essay The Pursuit of Happyness Film Review Essay Example The Pursuit of Happyness Film Review Essay Example It is widely known that public view of business is not always favorable. Rather, people treat business companies as ready for everything for the sake of profit. Therefore, society tends to approach businesses and industry with cynicism and mistrust. Media contributes a lot to that view. Most often, different movies depict such negative business aspects as preoccupation with gain, severe competition, and acceptance of unethical practices. The movie â€Å"The Pursuit of Happyness† is not an exception. It presents a business world as a competitive and quite an unfair environment. The first encounter of the protagonist of the movie with the business world reveals a fussy nature of the local business. It appears as if everybody is obsessed with his or her work. The employees seemingly have no rest. The reason is that money is the main value, and no one wants to waste it. It is clear that the employees compete with each other, and the fittest survives in business. In addition, the viewers find out more about the nature of business as the plot uncovers. When Chris decides to apply for a probation period, the viewers learn about the real essence of brokers’ company. First, the competitive motive appears during the probation period. Only one of twenty probationers can become a broker. It urges the potential workers to compete. The next competitive moment is noticeable, as well. From his manager, Chris learns that the probationers should do everything to win the clients. It means that the company welcomes all sorts of manipulations to gain profit. It looks as if the theory of utilitarianism is in action as â€Å"utilitarianism [†¦] states that actions are not good or bad in themselves, but only in so far as what they are good or bad for† (Somerville and Wood, 2008). It may be appropriate from a business perspective, but it is morally wrong. After all, the clients deserve respect not a treatment as objects of manipulation. The businesses should encourage fair cooperation among the employees and the consumers. On the other hand, the company dehumanizes its potential workers. The manager tells them that only one of competitors will become â€Å"Person.† In the business language, it means that being a person equals being a successful commercial agent. Thus, it shows an approach that only results are important. However, it is unethical to measure a value of a person in money. People should gain recognition for their good work and dedication. Money cannot buy many immaterial things. It can buy loyalty and devotion, and it does not always buy motivation. Apart from living from hand to mouth, Chris Gardner constantly feels himself inferior and underestimated. It is only he, who has to serve the manager for some reasons. The manager treats him as an errand boy. He is the one to buy coffee and doughnuts. These are the activities that some assisting personnel, like a secretary, would do. It leaves an impression that the company exploits its employees. What is more, Chris Gardner is not even an employee yet. He is just a probationer, and his direct duties are studying and acquiring first job skills. All these nuances contribute to the unethical presentation of the business world. This movie depicts businesses and market as rather unethical. This world seems to be preoccupied with gain, full of severe competition, and tolerant to unethical practices. I think this is quite an accurate depiction of business. Still, it does not show the objective picture of the business world. After all, each company has its ethical standards. Only when the personnel maintains an ethical image, they will increase their client base. Besides, organizations have to conduct their business ethically since they are role models for society at large. When the government seizes money from Gardner’s bank account for overdue taxes, it raises a controversial issue. Both government body and the character consider themselves right. In fact, they are both right from two different perspectives. On the one hand, the government is right because it acts legally. According to the laws regarding taxes, each taxpayer needs to pay his or her taxes on time. More than that, all citizens are equal before the law. Chris Gardner is no different from other taxpayers. It is clear from the letter they sent him. It looks like a standard blank with a standard text in it. Law institutions do not care if a person is able to pay taxes or not. They oblige citizens to pay them based on the local enforcements. Technically, the protagonist of the movie has to pay taxes as he has a job according to the official documentation. After all, he had signed a contract with the company manufacturing portable bone-density scanners. Therefore, even if selling these scanners is not always profitable, he has to pay taxes every month. In addition, the citizens have easy access to all the information about paying taxes. Thus, everyone knows the time limits of paying taxes and the consequences of delay. It means that Chris Gardner could also know that he was under risk of seizure. As a consequence, he is guilty in the eye of justice. At the same time, governmental approach stays in line with the theory of deontology. In terms of the idea of this phenomenon, â€Å"deontological ethics is about following universal norms that prescribe what people ought to do, how they should behave, and what is right or wrong† (Van Staveren, 2007). As a result, as long as taxpayers pay the taxes, they are considered t o be good. On the other hand, the protagonist of the movie is right, as well. From the ethical point of view, the government breaks the rules of ethical laws. First, it violates the principles of justice. It is inhumane and unfair to take the last money from the person. After all, â€Å"over and above mere human law there is an objective moral order, the ‘natural law’, which sets limits to the power of rulers† (Somerville and Wood, 2008). By seizure, the government leaves Chris with no means to exist. Thus, it looks like the government acts as a thief of someone’s money. To add even more, bank account information is private data. Private information is protected from violation under the law. Chris Gardner is the only person who can claim access to his personal bank account. Therefore, if internal revenue service takes his money, it acts unethically. Third, this governmental body does not obtain his informed consent to the seizure. It looks as if they act behind his ba ck. From the ethical perspective, they should have warned Chris about the seizure in case he would further delay the payment. What is more, Chris Gardner learns that there is nothing he can do. It means that he has no choice anymore, and so he goes bankrupt. This film is about the pursuit of happiness, not money. I can judge it from the way Chris Gardner behaves. He does not seem to be one of those mercantile people. He does not quit his job because it does not bring him profit. Besides, he does not manipulate his potential customers forcing them to buy something. The point is his unlucky career does not affect his mood at large. Even when Chris lives on the verge of poverty, it does not make him miserable. He still can see good things in life, and he is able of joking. In all his acts, the signs of care ethics are visible. His main desire is to provide for his family. His actions support, maintain, and further existing relationships, involve nurturing other people, and are reflective of empathy to those vulnerable. He recognizes that â€Å"all situations, particularly those where action must be taken, have ethical characteristics† and that â€Å"the relationship is the core values† (Hawk, 2011). That understanding motivates him to move further, not for himself, but for others. Furthermore, the character does not fall into despair as most of people would do being in his place. Above all that, he spends a lot of time with his son and teaches him not to give up using his own example. All these facts suggest that his happiness does not consist in money. His happiness is about his mindset, about his beliefs and his hope. Without the positive thinking and hope, he would truly be a miserable man. Apart from that, Chris is constantly thinking about the words of Jefferson. He dwells on the innate rights of every human being. The search of happiness is one of the basic rights, which means it does not depend on someone’s wealth. It is an inherent part of human nature. Therefore, the hero does not relate his happiness to the money he has. Meanwhile, one cannot say that happiness and money are unrelated things. Based on the plot of the film, money determines the environment in which people live. At first, the family of Gardner lives in a fine house. They have a relatively nice interior and comfort living. This environment has an influence on the emotional setting of the family. As their financial condition worsens, the number of conflicts increases. Finally, Chris’s wife Linda leaves him as she cannot stand living in debts anymore. Besides, she sees no possibilities to improve their financial position. Then, as the plot uncovers, Chris and the boy have to move to another place. Still, the money runs out. Next, they have to live in a motel, and they end up on the street. After the bankruptcy, the father and the son lose a place of living. It is clear that it disappoints the little boy, but he still believes his father is â€Å"cool.† Therefore, even when the pursuit of happiness and the pursuit of money ar e not the same, they are interrelated. Money can influence happiness but not determine its quality in general. I think the word ‘happyness’ is misspelled in the title on purpose. The author of the movie draws the viewers’ attention to the misspelled word from the beginning. The location of the word is very important. It is painted on the wall near the kindergarten in the Chinatown. It means that Chris’s happiness is located in that kindergarten. To him, happiness is to be with his son. The only thing he wants in return is trust. He constantly asks little Christopher if he trusts him. Trust stands for love to him. Even when his wife leaves, he insists on keeping the boy. In addition, one can see how important little Christopher is to the father from an episode in Church. There, the viewers may see that the father hugs the son and cries while the choir is singing about the hardships. Therefore, misspelling a word can have a hidden meaning that one may not realize at first. It encourages the viewers to reconsider their own views of happiness. Money can never buy trust, love, and happiness.

Examples of Persuasive Essays

Examples of Persuasive Essays Examples of Persuasive Essays Examples of Persuasive Essays Persuasive essay writing is one of the common college works. You must remember that essay writing consists of introduction, main text and conclusion. The structure of the main body depends on what the argumentative persuasive essay topics are asking you to do. In the case of a discussion type essay, the main body should be divided into two parts: one looking at the advantages of the topic and the other looking at the disadvantages. A plan for the first example might look like this: Topic:   Academic qualifications are of little practical benefit in the real world. Essay Introduction: variety of different qualifications; different methods of assessment. Benefits: international standards for professions, e.g. doctors; students have chance to study latest theories; qualifications lead to better salaries and promotion. Drawbacks: many successful people don't have qualifications; many qualified people don't have jobs. Essay Conclusion: qualifications are useful but are not the guarantees of success. Writing Persuasive Essay Effective note-making is a key persuasive essay writing skill with a number of practical uses. Good note-making techniques lead to accurate essays. Although you are the only person who will read your notes, clarity and organization are still very important. Pay attention to headings, listings, abbreviations ('N/S') and symbols. You need to develop your own style for note-making, as you will have to read your notes later. Do not abbreviate too much or you may find the notes impossible to understand in the future. Writing an Essay Paraphrasing involves changing a text of your English essays writing.   This skill is useful in academic essays writing. Effective paraphrasing is vital for college essays writing as it helps to avoid the risk of plagiarizing. Although paraphrasing techniques are used for summary writing, paraphrasing does not aim to shorten the length of a text. For example: Evidence of a lost civilization has been found on the coast of China. Could be paraphrased as:  Remains of an ancient society have been discovered near the coastal China. .com If persuasive essay writing is a challenging task for you, you are welcome to order custom persuasive essay writing help at our site.   We guarantee timely delivery and grant you the right to request unlimited number of revisions.   We offer the best prices!

List the characteristics of your network topology. Also identify why Essay

List the characteristics of your network topology. Also identify why other topologies would be inappropriate for the lab enviro - Essay Example Additionally, topology network failure does not affect failed device unless, the device connected to the other connectivity device is impaired. Thus, network topology means, network that is connected to circular method whereby, each node examines raw data send to a ring finally; it is send through directed address. Physical topology is known as physical layout of cable and connection of nodes between the cables. Another type of network is physical networks topologies are signals that are sending inform of networks. This type of network is associated with cost of doing the installation on a circuit telecommunications in which media can access the device. Where else, logical network topologies are signs that are used to send data to the media. These networks are further classified into star topology network, ring logical topology and bus physical topology. However, logical topology networks tend to be determined by protocols that cannot be acknowledged by physical network layout of wir es, which allows flow of electrical indicators. On the other hand, many computers in one area that are connected to a single switch can define star topology. This means that every computes is connected to its own wire and the switch, which is very essential to computers, in case one of them fails to operate or gets problems therefore, the other can not be affected. This is the most essential method that is used today. The reason why the so-called bus cables are connected to one cable is that, only one computer is only permitted to send data to server at a given time. Therefore, if several computers are connected to this network, then the operations will be interfered. This means that if there are many computers connected to network then the net work will tend to go down. It is important to differentiate between different types of networks that are available such as peer-to-peer. However, it is important to identify advantages and disadvantages that are associated with different netw ork. In a small offices and business networks are supposed to maintain peer- to –peer. It means that the main server is not involved. In network places that involves more than 10 operating computers might be very confusing, this is because the users may not have be using the same password. Therefore, the question is what will happen if the networks fail to connect for a period. The nodes play a great role in assuring that several servers act as one client. Additionally, peer-to-peer networks are installed to serve few computers. This is because if many computers are connected to one server to share single older then the system would be slowed down. Moreover, the server allows them to access network. This is made possible by use of internet cable that should be connected in the ports. The star topology is very important because it is scalable; it is faster to ease network connection for a big location. Another advantage is that if a single node fails to network, the entire sys tem is not affected. Finally, it is faster to unplug the nodes when the problem is discovered. On the other hand, star topology is associated with several disadvantages such as when the main server fails network also. Computers need to have security that is, the departments if information service should be responsible in management of all connected computers. This is done through connecting network devices, wiring the closest devices. In conclusion, in order to

Change in Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change in Organization - Assignment Example Changes result in positive and negative consequences simultaneously. On the one hand, changes always have the aim to improve the organization. On the other hand, changes in routine can be negatively perceived by employees because their usual algorithm of work will not be appropriate any more. Changes in decision-making, leadership, manages, strategy or policies can result in the need for restructuring. Leaders need to set new priorities and explain the meaning of the change for all employees to keep them involved in the process and minimize their negative reaction. Many changes are related to enhancing communication inside and outside the organization. Some of them lead to lower barrier in communication between managers and their followers moving the structure of the company from vertical to more horizontal line of management. Finally, any change has its final aim to improve the organization in its internal and external dimensions. Even though some changes are time-consuming, they result in better communication, stronger leadership and better achievements of employees at work. In order to make the process of change successful, one needs to consider the importance of specially trained people who are responsible for the change. Their knowledge and skills are vital to develop a comprehensive change plan that clarifies the resources required by the change. This plan becomes nothing without support from top management; all managers and leaders of the company should be engaged in the change to keep it important and make all employees engaged. Change management needs to be progressive and well-planned; change team needs to consider the risks associated with the change and make everything possible to minimize them. Finally, no change is possible without effective communication between all teams involved in the change. Miscommunication leads to misunderstanding of the strategy and the aims of the change. All people need to be equally

Analytical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Analytical - Essay Example Is media, too, entitled to change its view from ethical to business oriented? While, we cannot take the huge task of judging the media across the world, we will be focusing on the Australian media scenario, learning form the facts, analyzing a few media channels and coming to a conclusion – Is the contemporary Australian media following in the wheels of entertainment more than education? While the question, indeed, is big, the discovery towards the conclusion will prove to be startling nevertheless. One of the presets of any education in media explains its students that the first and foremost task and responsibility of media towards the viewers is to â€Å"inform.† However, are these precepts only a part of the necessary and age old course material, or do these young students really do follow these in real lives becomes of question. Several nations have seen a change in their media trends. Australia, too, cannot ignore the changes that have come about in the media scenario. Be it broadcast or the print media, the changes that have come about are inevitable. However, are these changes absolutely necessary, is the big question. Several researches have been conducted and several journals and news stations monitored. The results of all have come to the same thing – the Australian media is, indeed, giving in to the pressure of the monies and becoming increasing more business oriented than any other time earlier. While we have explained that media is changing the scenario, how is it that we reached the conclusion? The same is cited here. The Australian media is enjoying what is called as the complete â€Å"editorial freedom and freedom of speech and expression† like no other media in any democracy across the world. Despite the freedom that the journalists and media exercise, the journalists are often blamed by the citizens and masses in general that they abuse the power that they have been asserted with. Even when the Princess Diana

Development Of A Digital Diary Project

Development Of A Digital Diary Project Maintaining information about the person has been troublesome business for mankind lately as he was being introduced to hundred of new persons in his day to day life. Compiling information about the students in a school and college might be really a rarely willing job. Our project aims to those jobs for maintaining information of the people so we named it as a Digital Diary project. As soon as the program is being executed user just need to follow the instruction and have the information entered to the software then software manage the information being entered and save them for the future reference of the user. Though lots of information management software is presently available in market, this is the initial step and would be updated in the days to come. Introduction: Computer is an advanced/modern electronic device, which takes raw data as input then processes these data as per given instruction then gives output (result) and store in for the future references. It is also a problem-solving machine, which can processes both numerical and non numerical information. It is a totally user dependent device. It has no its own brain. So it cannot think its own. C is the general purpose, structured programming language of computer consisting of terms that resemble algebraic expressions. Designed as other high level structured programming languages such as Pascal and Fortran, C has got additional features that allows it to be used at a lower level computer languages. This flexibility let the C be featured as system programmer or applications programmer. C is characterized by the ability to write very concise source programs which are virus free in nature so the programmed designed in C language has got purity and perfection. Though with the help of small instruction and extensive library functions enhance the basic instruction and encourage its user to write additional library function on their own. Such A programming language code has been adapted for the effectual running of our program, Digital Diary. Digital Diary aims for the storage of the personnel details. This Diary helps as the remainder of person name his/her home address, phone number, email address etc. People gives propriety to looks now a days so a bit of graphics has been added to the content rather than making old fashioned black n white look. Every single effort has been done to add aura to the program and to attract lots of users as possible. As been discussed this program is being build in C laboratory or C program so it doesnt consist of any viruses that may effect the computer but is 100% free from those harming worms and bugs. With the help of this program people can save all his/her friends group and contact for the future references. Objectives and Scopes The few objectives of this program are listed as follows: Main objectives of this program is to aid users from memorizing all those names of owns contact address. Users can easily add the contact detail in the program so have increase efficiency in the user working procedure. To minimize the work loads of office personnel in school, colleges and offices by letting them get rid of the problem of memorizing the piles name of students or coustomers. To convey message to software developing companies about the potential of software developers in Nepal. As Loads of software are present currently for managing the database system but those software are bulky and occupies large amount of storage disk size and are tedious and need trained man power for effective use but the Digital Dairy designed by us is very much simple and cost low disk space and unskilled man power with nominal knowledge of English can accomplish thorough the program. So the office needing customized type software can easily have these software installed for their management. Methodology: Preliminarily we have done survey through out the Kathmandu valley to know about the colleges and schools who might required our software being installed and found lots of colleges having their own MS Access designed management software and for the database management. But some school near remote areas till this date have been using the old fashioned database management so we aim our project to those remote schools and have planned to develop this software. Then we started making basic workflow plan for effective completion of the project. We made the system analysis and designed basic framework to aid in our work. We then started the job of coding of the program for overall management of database of persons which include name of the person, address of the person, his/her email id and telephone number, roll no or reference number. Options like searching the required database by strings were made into effect in the program for easy location of the database of the person. Option like adding and deleting record along with modification option were present in the program for effective availability. Though the coding was done, there were lots of errors in the program, so for the tracking of the bugs in the program debugging were done and then tested for multiple times till the desired output is obtained. When testing and debugging were done the program was finally ready to be used or being distributed. Task to be completed Duration System Analysis 2 days Designing 1 week Coding 1 week Testing and Debugging 3 days Expected Output As for the title suggest, this Digital Diary supports for the proper maintaining of the database. It helps the user to have full record of the people he has been with along with their contact address, phone numbers, email id and reference number. This program also helps in inbuilt search for the required data base. The expected output here is being discussed along with some screenshots of the program. Initially after the program is being executed it shows the name of the institution using it along with the address of the institution. Below the Name of the institution it publishes the name of the publishers followed by list of software developers. When we enter any key the page would be executed to the second page where option are being given using switch system. Option for add remove, modify, search, list are being executed here. The database management page would appear as follows. Here name, roll no, Faculty, telephone number, address email id would be printed. Through which we have to pass the value. Every time after adding contact the confirmation dialogue will be appeared asking for continuing or else. Conclusion This project is based upon C programming so we had add our best effort to implement all the knowledge we have gained so far in C programming. Working on this project had enhanced our knowledge and skills in C and will surely help us in future. Thus, we hope Digital Diary be a great success.

Descartes Sixth Meditation Essay -- essays research papers

In his sixth meditation must return to the doubts he raised in his first meditation. In this last section of his sixth meditation he deals mainly with the mind-body problem; and he tries to prove whether material things exist with certainly. In this meditation he develops his Dualist argument; by making a distinction between mind and body; although he also reveals their rather significant relationship. Primarily he considers existence of the external world and whether our experience hold knowledge of this world or whether this knowledge is merely an illusion. He makes it quite clear how misleading some of external sensations can be. We are never sufficiently aware of subjectivity of our own thought and senses. The only thing we directly experience is the nature of our own ideas and we do not realise how our own appreciation of certain concepts may be very different from the objective character of the external world. Descartes takes a look at memory, imagination, hallucination, dreams, predictions, etc. which he calls our (sensory awareness) as these are part of the way we perceive the external world, he doubts at first that any of these internal experience holds any truth or existence. As he is very sceptical he raises the problem whether any of these given experiences contain truth or objectivity at all. Since we never have the chance to stand outside our own perception, it is imp ossible to contrast it with the external world. Descartes is hopeful to prove subsistence of the external world (physical objects located in space), and so he returns to a very basic stage and acknowledges the existence of minds as an immaterial substance and God. He then accepts that matter exists as long as it is not a projection of his own mind or God. As Descartes previously established the existence of God as a perfect being, he therefore has concluded that God is not a deceiver. This very clear concept leads him to accept his clear and distinct sensory experiences are a result of external objects of material nature. Once these corporeal things (objects of a tangible, material nature) can be considered as self-evident ideas, they can no longer be products of the mind or God. Right in the beginning Descartes makes a very clear distinction between imagination intellectual thought. He states that intellectual thought is abstract and without shape, Descartes would call it e... ...ares this mind-body relationship with a pilot in his ship, as they are two very close entities, although the body cannot exist without the mind, like the mind can without its extension. Descartes sixth very conclusive meditation has similarly to the first very basic concepts. What makes Descartes meditations so remarkable is his methodological approach to his philosophy. He starts right at the foundation of knowledge building his own basis and thoroughly working himself upward. Even though some of his thoughts are slightly contradictory he still manages to make them plausible, and one can accept certain incongruities as one considers the time and social structure he was living in. I believe the fact that Descartes returns to the doubts raised in the first meditation bring more sense to the rest of the five writings and in a way holds them together. He very effectively uncovers his dualist ideas but he does not exaggerate or make them absurd as he also continually reminds us of the great importance of the mind and body relationship. Most importantly he proves his existence and the existence of others which is considered as one of the main problems all philosophers are faced with.